Facebook-f Twitter
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[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le magazine en ligne espagnol Loopmedia (www.loopmedia.app<\/a>) nous a permis de publier une interview avec l'un des rares Ou\u00efghours qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper des camps, le professeur Dolkun Isa, qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper en 2017 avec l'aide de quelques collaborateurs d'ONG internationales et qui vit et travaille maintenant \u00e0 Munich, en Bavi\u00e8re[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Pour se retrouver dans l'un de ces camps, il suffit d'\u00eatre surpris par une surveillance \u00e9lectronique de haute technologie (l'application IJOP) [20]<\/a> en train de commettre des infractions qui justifient une arrestation : porter une barbe, avoir des relations avec des parents \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, demander un passeport, prier, porter un foulard, avoir plus de deux enfants[21]<\/a>. Le gouvernement tente de justifier sa conduite dans le cadre d'une strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le terrorisme[22]<\/a> et qualifie les camps de \"centres de formation professionnelle et d'emploi\" pour les \"criminels impliqu\u00e9s dans des d\u00e9lits mineurs\". Cependant, ils n'autorisent aucune surveillance ind\u00e9pendante de ces installations par les Nations unies, les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme ou les m\u00e9dias[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le magazine en ligne espagnol Loopmedia (www.loopmedia.app<\/a>) nous a permis de publier une interview avec l'un des rares Ou\u00efghours qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper des camps, le professeur Dolkun Isa, qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper en 2017 avec l'aide de quelques collaborateurs d'ONG internationales et qui vit et travaille maintenant \u00e0 Munich, en Bavi\u00e8re[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9cente a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les autorit\u00e9s chinoises avaient soumis des femmes ou\u00efghoures \u00e0 des st\u00e9rilisations massives, les obligeant \u00e0 prendre des contraceptifs ou \u00e0 avorter, et les pla\u00e7ant dans des camps de concentration - un acte qui rel\u00e8ve de la d\u00e9finition de g\u00e9nocide des Nations unies[17]<\/a>. Une s\u00e9rie de dossiers de police, obtenus par la BBC en 2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les d\u00e9tails de ces camps, et contient des milliers de photos d'identit\u00e9 des d\u00e9tenus, certains d\u00e9tenus ont moins de 15 ans, et d\u00e9crit l'utilisation routini\u00e8re de la violence et du meurtre[18]<\/a>. Malgr\u00e9 le fait qu'en 2019, 22 pays ont express\u00e9ment demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chine de lib\u00e9rer les musulmans, de laisser entrer des experts et des observateurs ind\u00e9pendants de l'ONU et de fermer les camps[19]<\/a>, la situation reste inchang\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour se retrouver dans l'un de ces camps, il suffit d'\u00eatre surpris par une surveillance \u00e9lectronique de haute technologie (l'application IJOP) [20]<\/a> en train de commettre des infractions qui justifient une arrestation : porter une barbe, avoir des relations avec des parents \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, demander un passeport, prier, porter un foulard, avoir plus de deux enfants[21]<\/a>. Le gouvernement tente de justifier sa conduite dans le cadre d'une strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le terrorisme[22]<\/a> et qualifie les camps de \"centres de formation professionnelle et d'emploi\" pour les \"criminels impliqu\u00e9s dans des d\u00e9lits mineurs\". Cependant, ils n'autorisent aucune surveillance ind\u00e9pendante de ces installations par les Nations unies, les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme ou les m\u00e9dias[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le magazine en ligne espagnol Loopmedia (www.loopmedia.app<\/a>) nous a permis de publier une interview avec l'un des rares Ou\u00efghours qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper des camps, le professeur Dolkun Isa, qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper en 2017 avec l'aide de quelques collaborateurs d'ONG internationales et qui vit et travaille maintenant \u00e0 Munich, en Bavi\u00e8re[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les musulmans ou\u00efghours vivent \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le Kazakhstan, le Kirghizstan et la Mongolie[8]<\/a>, dans une r\u00e9gion sous contr\u00f4le chinois depuis 1949[9]<\/a>, o\u00f9 les musulmans repr\u00e9sentent environ la moiti\u00e9 de la population indig\u00e8ne[10]<\/a>. Situ\u00e9 autrefois le long de l'ancienne route commerciale de la soie, le Xinjiang (qui se traduit par \"nouvelle fronti\u00e8re\"[11]<\/a>) est riche en p\u00e9trole et autres ressources naturelles telles que le coton, le bl\u00e9, le ma\u00efs et le riz[12]<\/a>, et constitue un centre logistique tr\u00e8s important dans les plans[13]<\/a> de P\u00e9kin. C'est pourquoi la r\u00e9gion attire un nombre croissant de Chinois, une migration encourag\u00e9e par le gouvernement et qui a attis\u00e9 les tensions ethniques[14]<\/a>. La Chine consid\u00e8re les actes de violence sporadiques commis par des Ou\u00efghours isol\u00e9s comme des actes d'un mouvement d'ind\u00e9pendance: les militants ou\u00efghours affirment que des ann\u00e9es d'oppression ont aliment\u00e9 la col\u00e8re populaire[15]<\/a>. En 2009, environ 200 personnes sont mortes dans des affrontements au Xinjiang, que les Chinois ont imput\u00e9s aux musulmans qui r\u00e9clament leur propre \u00c9tat[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9cente a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les autorit\u00e9s chinoises avaient soumis des femmes ou\u00efghoures \u00e0 des st\u00e9rilisations massives, les obligeant \u00e0 prendre des contraceptifs ou \u00e0 avorter, et les pla\u00e7ant dans des camps de concentration - un acte qui rel\u00e8ve de la d\u00e9finition de g\u00e9nocide des Nations unies[17]<\/a>. Une s\u00e9rie de dossiers de police, obtenus par la BBC en 2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les d\u00e9tails de ces camps, et contient des milliers de photos d'identit\u00e9 des d\u00e9tenus, certains d\u00e9tenus ont moins de 15 ans, et d\u00e9crit l'utilisation routini\u00e8re de la violence et du meurtre[18]<\/a>. Malgr\u00e9 le fait qu'en 2019, 22 pays ont express\u00e9ment demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chine de lib\u00e9rer les musulmans, de laisser entrer des experts et des observateurs ind\u00e9pendants de l'ONU et de fermer les camps[19]<\/a>, la situation reste inchang\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour se retrouver dans l'un de ces camps, il suffit d'\u00eatre surpris par une surveillance \u00e9lectronique de haute technologie (l'application IJOP) [20]<\/a> en train de commettre des infractions qui justifient une arrestation : porter une barbe, avoir des relations avec des parents \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, demander un passeport, prier, porter un foulard, avoir plus de deux enfants[21]<\/a>. Le gouvernement tente de justifier sa conduite dans le cadre d'une strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le terrorisme[22]<\/a> et qualifie les camps de \"centres de formation professionnelle et d'emploi\" pour les \"criminels impliqu\u00e9s dans des d\u00e9lits mineurs\". Cependant, ils n'autorisent aucune surveillance ind\u00e9pendante de ces installations par les Nations unies, les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme ou les m\u00e9dias[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le magazine en ligne espagnol Loopmedia (www.loopmedia.app<\/a>) nous a permis de publier une interview avec l'un des rares Ou\u00efghours qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper des camps, le professeur Dolkun Isa, qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper en 2017 avec l'aide de quelques collaborateurs d'ONG internationales et qui vit et travaille maintenant \u00e0 Munich, en Bavi\u00e8re[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Depuis 2017, le gouvernement chinois, sur ordre du secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Parti communiste Xi Jinping, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un programme d'\u00c9tat pour emprisonner, torturer, tuer et reconditionner jusqu'\u00e0 3 millions de musulmans, d'origine turque, qui vivent dans la province ou\u00efghoure du Xinjiang depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations : le programme, comparable aux camps d'extermination nazis, est organis\u00e9 en camps d'\u00e9ducation politique, en d\u00e9tention pr\u00e9ventive et en emprisonnement[1]<\/a>, sans proc\u00e8s, pendant des ann\u00e9es ou pour toujours. Les musulmans ou\u00efghours sont soumis \u00e0 un endoctrinement politique forc\u00e9 et \u00e0 des pers\u00e9cutions religieuses et linguistiques[2]<\/a>. Les prisonniers sont soumis \u00e0 d'\u00e9tranges exercices de \"lavage de cerveau\", ainsi qu'\u00e0 des tortures physiques, des viols, des exp\u00e9riences m\u00e9dicales[3]<\/a> et des privations de sommeil[4]<\/a>. Ils sont \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9s comme main-d'\u0153uvre, forc\u00e9s de travailler gratuitement dans des usines (m\u00eame celles de marques c\u00e9l\u00e8bres)[5]<\/a>. Il s'agit de la plus grande d\u00e9tention de minorit\u00e9s ethniques[6]<\/a> et religieuses depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les musulmans ou\u00efghours vivent \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le Kazakhstan, le Kirghizstan et la Mongolie[8]<\/a>, dans une r\u00e9gion sous contr\u00f4le chinois depuis 1949[9]<\/a>, o\u00f9 les musulmans repr\u00e9sentent environ la moiti\u00e9 de la population indig\u00e8ne[10]<\/a>. Situ\u00e9 autrefois le long de l'ancienne route commerciale de la soie, le Xinjiang (qui se traduit par \"nouvelle fronti\u00e8re\"[11]<\/a>) est riche en p\u00e9trole et autres ressources naturelles telles que le coton, le bl\u00e9, le ma\u00efs et le riz[12]<\/a>, et constitue un centre logistique tr\u00e8s important dans les plans[13]<\/a> de P\u00e9kin. C'est pourquoi la r\u00e9gion attire un nombre croissant de Chinois, une migration encourag\u00e9e par le gouvernement et qui a attis\u00e9 les tensions ethniques[14]<\/a>. La Chine consid\u00e8re les actes de violence sporadiques commis par des Ou\u00efghours isol\u00e9s comme des actes d'un mouvement d'ind\u00e9pendance: les militants ou\u00efghours affirment que des ann\u00e9es d'oppression ont aliment\u00e9 la col\u00e8re populaire[15]<\/a>. En 2009, environ 200 personnes sont mortes dans des affrontements au Xinjiang, que les Chinois ont imput\u00e9s aux musulmans qui r\u00e9clament leur propre \u00c9tat[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9cente a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les autorit\u00e9s chinoises avaient soumis des femmes ou\u00efghoures \u00e0 des st\u00e9rilisations massives, les obligeant \u00e0 prendre des contraceptifs ou \u00e0 avorter, et les pla\u00e7ant dans des camps de concentration - un acte qui rel\u00e8ve de la d\u00e9finition de g\u00e9nocide des Nations unies[17]<\/a>. Une s\u00e9rie de dossiers de police, obtenus par la BBC en 2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les d\u00e9tails de ces camps, et contient des milliers de photos d'identit\u00e9 des d\u00e9tenus, certains d\u00e9tenus ont moins de 15 ans, et d\u00e9crit l'utilisation routini\u00e8re de la violence et du meurtre[18]<\/a>. Malgr\u00e9 le fait qu'en 2019, 22 pays ont express\u00e9ment demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chine de lib\u00e9rer les musulmans, de laisser entrer des experts et des observateurs ind\u00e9pendants de l'ONU et de fermer les camps[19]<\/a>, la situation reste inchang\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour se retrouver dans l'un de ces camps, il suffit d'\u00eatre surpris par une surveillance \u00e9lectronique de haute technologie (l'application IJOP) [20]<\/a> en train de commettre des infractions qui justifient une arrestation : porter une barbe, avoir des relations avec des parents \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, demander un passeport, prier, porter un foulard, avoir plus de deux enfants[21]<\/a>. Le gouvernement tente de justifier sa conduite dans le cadre d'une strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le terrorisme[22]<\/a> et qualifie les camps de \"centres de formation professionnelle et d'emploi\" pour les \"criminels impliqu\u00e9s dans des d\u00e9lits mineurs\". Cependant, ils n'autorisent aucune surveillance ind\u00e9pendante de ces installations par les Nations unies, les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme ou les m\u00e9dias[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le magazine en ligne espagnol Loopmedia (www.loopmedia.app<\/a>) nous a permis de publier une interview avec l'un des rares Ou\u00efghours qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper des camps, le professeur Dolkun Isa, qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper en 2017 avec l'aide de quelques collaborateurs d'ONG internationales et qui vit et travaille maintenant \u00e0 Munich, en Bavi\u00e8re[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 12 of 13 1 … 11 12 13
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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 2017, le gouvernement chinois, sur ordre du secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Parti communiste Xi Jinping, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un programme d'\u00c9tat pour emprisonner, torturer, tuer et reconditionner jusqu'\u00e0 3 millions de musulmans, d'origine turque, qui vivent dans la province ou\u00efghoure du Xinjiang depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations : le programme, comparable aux camps d'extermination nazis, est organis\u00e9 en camps d'\u00e9ducation politique, en d\u00e9tention pr\u00e9ventive et en emprisonnement[1]<\/a>, sans proc\u00e8s, pendant des ann\u00e9es ou pour toujours. Les musulmans ou\u00efghours sont soumis \u00e0 un endoctrinement politique forc\u00e9 et \u00e0 des pers\u00e9cutions religieuses et linguistiques[2]<\/a>. Les prisonniers sont soumis \u00e0 d'\u00e9tranges exercices de \"lavage de cerveau\", ainsi qu'\u00e0 des tortures physiques, des viols, des exp\u00e9riences m\u00e9dicales[3]<\/a> et des privations de sommeil[4]<\/a>. Ils sont \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9s comme main-d'\u0153uvre, forc\u00e9s de travailler gratuitement dans des usines (m\u00eame celles de marques c\u00e9l\u00e8bres)[5]<\/a>. Il s'agit de la plus grande d\u00e9tention de minorit\u00e9s ethniques[6]<\/a> et religieuses depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les musulmans ou\u00efghours vivent \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le Kazakhstan, le Kirghizstan et la Mongolie[8]<\/a>, dans une r\u00e9gion sous contr\u00f4le chinois depuis 1949[9]<\/a>, o\u00f9 les musulmans repr\u00e9sentent environ la moiti\u00e9 de la population indig\u00e8ne[10]<\/a>. Situ\u00e9 autrefois le long de l'ancienne route commerciale de la soie, le Xinjiang (qui se traduit par \"nouvelle fronti\u00e8re\"[11]<\/a>) est riche en p\u00e9trole et autres ressources naturelles telles que le coton, le bl\u00e9, le ma\u00efs et le riz[12]<\/a>, et constitue un centre logistique tr\u00e8s important dans les plans[13]<\/a> de P\u00e9kin. C'est pourquoi la r\u00e9gion attire un nombre croissant de Chinois, une migration encourag\u00e9e par le gouvernement et qui a attis\u00e9 les tensions ethniques[14]<\/a>. La Chine consid\u00e8re les actes de violence sporadiques commis par des Ou\u00efghours isol\u00e9s comme des actes d'un mouvement d'ind\u00e9pendance: les militants ou\u00efghours affirment que des ann\u00e9es d'oppression ont aliment\u00e9 la col\u00e8re populaire[15]<\/a>. En 2009, environ 200 personnes sont mortes dans des affrontements au Xinjiang, que les Chinois ont imput\u00e9s aux musulmans qui r\u00e9clament leur propre \u00c9tat[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9cente a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les autorit\u00e9s chinoises avaient soumis des femmes ou\u00efghoures \u00e0 des st\u00e9rilisations massives, les obligeant \u00e0 prendre des contraceptifs ou \u00e0 avorter, et les pla\u00e7ant dans des camps de concentration - un acte qui rel\u00e8ve de la d\u00e9finition de g\u00e9nocide des Nations unies[17]<\/a>. Une s\u00e9rie de dossiers de police, obtenus par la BBC en 2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les d\u00e9tails de ces camps, et contient des milliers de photos d'identit\u00e9 des d\u00e9tenus, certains d\u00e9tenus ont moins de 15 ans, et d\u00e9crit l'utilisation routini\u00e8re de la violence et du meurtre[18]<\/a>. Malgr\u00e9 le fait qu'en 2019, 22 pays ont express\u00e9ment demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chine de lib\u00e9rer les musulmans, de laisser entrer des experts et des observateurs ind\u00e9pendants de l'ONU et de fermer les camps[19]<\/a>, la situation reste inchang\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour se retrouver dans l'un de ces camps, il suffit d'\u00eatre surpris par une surveillance \u00e9lectronique de haute technologie (l'application IJOP) [20]<\/a> en train de commettre des infractions qui justifient une arrestation : porter une barbe, avoir des relations avec des parents \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, demander un passeport, prier, porter un foulard, avoir plus de deux enfants[21]<\/a>. Le gouvernement tente de justifier sa conduite dans le cadre d'une strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le terrorisme[22]<\/a> et qualifie les camps de \"centres de formation professionnelle et d'emploi\" pour les \"criminels impliqu\u00e9s dans des d\u00e9lits mineurs\". Cependant, ils n'autorisent aucune surveillance ind\u00e9pendante de ces installations par les Nations unies, les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme ou les m\u00e9dias[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le magazine en ligne espagnol Loopmedia (www.loopmedia.app<\/a>) nous a permis de publier une interview avec l'un des rares Ou\u00efghours qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper des camps, le professeur Dolkun Isa, qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'\u00e9chapper en 2017 avec l'aide de quelques collaborateurs d'ONG internationales et qui vit et travaille maintenant \u00e0 Munich, en Bavi\u00e8re[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le professeur Isa lors d'une manifestation en faveur des droits des Ou\u00efghours[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Professeur Isa, quels sont vos souvenirs de la Chine lorsque vous \u00e9tiez enfant ? Comment s'est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e votre jeunesse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE : Je suis n\u00e9 en 1967, \u00e0 Aksu, au Turkestan oriental. Lorsque je suis n\u00e9, ma terre \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 occup\u00e9e par la Chine et l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration. J'ai grandi \u00e0 Aksu et dans un petit village appel\u00e9 Kalpin, avec ma grand-m\u00e8re, car mes parents \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s occup\u00e9s par leur travail et n'avaient pas beaucoup de temps pour s'occuper des enfants. Ainsi, la plupart de mes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et moi-m\u00eame avons grandi avec mes grands-parents. J'y ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire, au coll\u00e8ge et au lyc\u00e9e. Puis, en 1984, je me suis inscrit \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang pour \u00e9tudier la physique. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que tout a chang\u00e9: avant de m'inscrire \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, je ne comprenais pas grand-chose \u00e0 ce qu'\u00e9tait la Chine, mais lorsque j'ai pu discuter avec mes camarades de classe, j'ai beaucoup appris. Nous avons discut\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rents sujets et cela m'a ouvert les yeux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1985, lors de ma deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9, il y a eu le plus grand mouvement d\u00e9mocratique d'\u00e9tudiants et j'ai activement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la protestation. C'\u00e9tait un tournant. \u00c0 ce moment-l\u00e0, j'ai pens\u00e9: \"Pourquoi? Pourquoi sommes-nous victimes de discrimination? M\u00eame au niveau de l'\u00e9ducation, il y avait beaucoup de discrimination \u00e0 tous les niveaux, et si vous lisez la Constitution chinoise, il y a quelque chose qui s'appelle la loi sur l'autonomie. La r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang \u00e9tant une r\u00e9gion autonome, les Ou\u00efghours b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de nombreux droits. Mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 sur le terrain est diff\u00e9rente, il n'y avait aucune trace de cette autonomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai pens\u00e9: pourquoi devons-nous exiger ce droit pour nous-m\u00eames ? Pourquoi n'est-elle pas mise en \u0153uvre? \u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, je n'\u00e9tais pas si conscient, je pensais que cette loi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par la Chine, mais je ne me rendais pas compte que tout cela n'\u00e9tait qu'un leurre et n'existait que sur le papier. Je me suis dit: si un droit ne vous a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 volontairement, alors vous devez l'exiger. C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que j'ai relev\u00e9 mon premier d\u00e9fi.....<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 75 \u00e0 80 % des Ou\u00efghours sont analphab\u00e8tes, car il n'y a pas de scolarit\u00e9 dans la plupart des zones rurales. Le niveau d'\u00e9ducation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s bas, ils ne peuvent donc pas faire valoir leurs droits. C'est pourquoi j'ai pens\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00e9duquer les gens et de leur faire prendre conscience des droits qu'ils devraient avoir et de la discrimination dont ils sont victimes. Cette in\u00e9galit\u00e9 ne vient pas de Dieu ! J'ai discut\u00e9 de cette question avec d'autres \u00e9tudiants de l'universit\u00e9 et, en 1987, nous avons fond\u00e9 un club d'\u00e9tudiants. Elle s'appelait l'Union des \u00e9tudiants pour la science et la culture. Nous avons obtenu la permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'\u00e9tait assez difficile \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque. Nous avons mobilis\u00e9 de nombreux \u00e9tudiants kazakhs et ou\u00efghours pour qu'ils se rendent dans les zones rurales afin de diffuser l'alphabet et de dispenser un enseignement. Si les gens peuvent apprendre l'alphabet, ils peuvent alors commencer \u00e0 apprendre certaines choses et \u00e0 comprendre quel genre de droits ils ont. En outre, tous les m\u00e9dias en Chine sont un outil de propagande du parti communiste, et un peu d'\u00e9ducation pourrait cr\u00e9er un esprit critique. Nous avons commenc\u00e9 nos activit\u00e9s pendant les vacances d'\u00e9t\u00e9 et d'hiver. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe ou \u00e0 d'autres parties du monde, il n'y a pas d'entreprises priv\u00e9es, pas de possibilit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants de travailler et de gagner de l'argent. Pendant ces mois, les \u00e9tudiants sont inactifs. Il n'y a pas de vie sociale. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons pu mobiliser les \u00e9tudiants: ils \u00e9taient heureux de faire quelque chose. Ils \u00e9taient b\u00e9n\u00e9voles, bien s\u00fbr, car nous ne pouvions pas les payer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le dessin d'une jeune fille de 13 ans qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 aux camps et se cache d\u00e9sormais en Arabie saoudite[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l'UNESCO travaillait avec le gouvernement chinois pour d\u00e9velopper l'\u00e9ducation en Chine. J'ai donc pens\u00e9 que mon activisme devait \u00eatre soutenu par le gouvernement. Mais lorsque nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles, j'ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que cette politique ne concernait que les Chinois Han, et non les Ou\u00efghours ou les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Le gouvernement chinois ne souhaite pas vraiment \u00e9lever le niveau d'\u00e9ducation des Ou\u00efghours et des autres groupes ethniques, et les autres aspects tels que les droits \u00e0 l'autonomie, les lois sur l'autonomie et les droits constitutionnels ne sont que sur le papier. Le pouvoir du parti communiste chinois est sup\u00e9rieur au droit constitutionnel. Le 5 juillet 1988, j'ai pris la t\u00eate d'une manifestation d'\u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons eu plus de cinq heures de d\u00e9bat avec la direction du parti communiste et d'autres leaders \u00e9tudiants. Nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'installer de grands campements et avons pr\u00e9par\u00e9 tout au long de la nuit ce que nous allions faire les jours suivants. Le lendemain matin, le pr\u00e9sident de l'universit\u00e9 du Xinjiang et d'autres responsables sont venus dans ma chambre et m'ont dit : \"La direction du parti veut te parler. Nous avons r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 parler au ministre de l'\u00e9ducation, des finances et au secr\u00e9taire du parti. Nous avons discut\u00e9 pendant plus de cinq \u00e0 six heures, mais il n'y a pas eu de compromis. Nous avons donc d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9agir et d'organiser une manifestation. Mais avant que nous puissions le faire, au milieu de la nuit, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 pour environ quatre mois. Apr\u00e8s cela, j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9 de l'universit\u00e9. Je n'ai pas pu avoir mon dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: Pourquoi le gouvernement chinois pers\u00e9cute-t-il les Ou\u00efghours? Nous connaissons la relation que la Chine entretient avec la religion. Ont-ils le sentiment que la foi en l'Islam peut \u00e9branler leur loyaut\u00e9 envers le communisme et le r\u00e9gime communiste?   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois n'accepte pas la diversit\u00e9 et le multiculturalisme. Il existe 56 minorit\u00e9s en Chine. Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 l'exception des Ou\u00efgours et des Tib\u00e9tains, les autres sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 assimil\u00e9s. Le gouvernement essaie de nous assimiler, mais les Ou\u00efghours et les Tib\u00e9tains r\u00e9sistent. La population des Ou\u00efghours compte environ 12,5 millions de personnes, ce qui fait tout de m\u00eame beaucoup de monde, r\u00e9parti sur 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s. Depuis l'occupation, la politique de discrimination et d'assimilation du gouvernement chinois n'a jamais chang\u00e9. Mais cela n'a pas r\u00e9ussi, car nous avons lutt\u00e9 pour maintenir notre identit\u00e9 en vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine utilise parfois des m\u00e9thodes tr\u00e8s violentes pour r\u00e9primer: tortures, arrestations ou meurtres. Pendant la r\u00e9volution culturelle chinoise de 1966 \u00e0 1977, les publications en langue ou\u00efghoure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interdites, tout comme celles en langue tib\u00e9taine. Parfois, ils utilisent des tactiques douces: apr\u00e8s la mort de Mao Zedong, le gouvernement chinois a essay\u00e9 de montrer au monde qu'il r\u00e9formait son \u00e9conomie, la rendant lib\u00e9rale. Nous avons vu quelques signes d'autonomie. Cependant, la politique chinoise de discrimination et d'assimilation n'a jamais chang\u00e9. En 1949, lorsque la Chine a occup\u00e9 le Turkestan oriental, la population chinoise ne repr\u00e9sentait que 4 \u00e0 5%. Il s'agissait principalement de militaires et de leurs familles. Plus de 80% \u00e9taient des Ou\u00efghours et 10 \u00e0 15% des Kazakhs, des Mongols et autres. Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, la population ou\u00efgoure est tomb\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 40 %, tandis que la population chinoise a augment\u00e9 de 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les enfants ou\u00efghours sont contraints d'apprendre le chinois et n'ont pas le droit de parler leur langue maternelle[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'objectif principal du gouvernement chinois est de d\u00e9placer la population. La politique de planification familiale de la Chine a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important. Bien s\u00fbr, c'\u00e9tait pour l'ensemble de la Chine et pas seulement pour la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang, mais avec la politique de l'enfant unique ou de l'enfant double, la diminution r\u00e9elle de la population ou\u00efghoure s'est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. En 1985 et 1988, c'\u00e9tait le principal slogan de nos manifestations : \"Stop \u00e0 la politique de planning familial\". Bien s\u00fbr, il y avait aussi d'autres demandes, comme des \u00e9lections d\u00e9mocratiques et la fin des essais nucl\u00e9aires au Turkestan oriental. Le gouvernement chinois a effectu\u00e9 46 essais nucl\u00e9aires entre 1964 et 1996. La pollution de l'eau radioactive a tu\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 1 000 personnes, qui vivaient \u00e0 seulement 100 km des sites d'essai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es par un professeur japonais, pr\u00e8s d'un million de personnes sont mortes d'empoisonnement radioactif. En conclusion, le gouvernement chinois n'acceptera jamais une autre culture, une autre identit\u00e9, son objectif principal est l'assimilation. Ils n'ont pas besoin de Tib\u00e9tains ou de Ou\u00efghours, seulement de territoires. La r\u00e9gion du Turkestan oriental dispose d'abondantes ressources naturelles. Or, uranium, gaz et charbon. M\u00eame en Mongolie, pourtant une r\u00e9gion autonome, tout comme le Xinjiang, la population mongole ne repr\u00e9sente que 13%, alors que plus de 85% de la population est chinoise. La plupart de la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration ne parle m\u00eame pas le mongol, seulement le chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9cemment, le gouvernement chinois a transform\u00e9 sa politique de discrimination et d'assimilation en une politique de g\u00e9nocide. Pourquoi maintenant, si soudainement ? Ce n'est pas soudain du tout : mais lorsque Xi Jinping a pris le pouvoir, il a choisi le g\u00e9nocide. Cette \u00e9volution est principalement due \u00e0 l'initiative \"One Belt One Road\". C'est l'un des plus grands projets de la Chine. Il s'agit d'un projet d'expansion territoriale. La Chine utilise sa puissance \u00e9conomique pour s'\u00e9tendre. Aujourd'hui, au 21e si\u00e8cle, vous ne pouvez pas occuper un morceau de terre par la force militaire. Si vous l'occupez par la force, ce ne sera que pour un certain temps, car la pression internationale l'obligera \u00e0 se retirer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais si vous le dominez \u00e9conomiquement, vous pouvez le faire. Comme la Chine d\u00e9pend de l'\u00e9nergie du Moyen-Orient, elle veut vendre au monde sa production la moins ch\u00e8re et la moins qualifi\u00e9e. C'est pourquoi la Chine a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 64 milliards de dollars pour le CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor). C'est un projet secret. La Chine pense que tant que les Ou\u00efghours existeront, elle ne pourra jamais r\u00e9aliser ce projet. C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping l'a lanc\u00e9. Il pense que si nous \u00e9tions \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s, le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu. Ce n'est qu'\u00e0 cette condition que la Chine sera en mesure de mettre en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s le projet \"One Belt One Road\". C'est pourquoi Xi Jinping, \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape, a mis en \u0153uvre la politique de g\u00e9nocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Que faut-il faire pour obliger la Chine \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 ses responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE : Le gouvernement chinois ne pers\u00e9cute pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains. Le reste des minorit\u00e9s a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 assimil\u00e9. Mais la pers\u00e9cution du parti communiste touche \u00e9galement ses propres citoyens. Par exemple, les chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s par le PCC parce que le Parti ne tol\u00e8re pas la religion. Les Falun Gong souffrent \u00e9galement. Plus de 80 millions de Falun Gong souffrent, ils sont chinois mais sont un groupe religieux. Des millions de chr\u00e9tiens chinois sont \u00e9galement menac\u00e9s, certaines \u00e9glises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truites. Des temples bouddhistes ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits. De nombreux militants chinois des droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui en prison. Liu Xiaobo, laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel de la paix, est mort en prison. Il d\u00e9fendait les droits des femmes. C'est pourquoi la question ne concerne pas seulement les Ou\u00efghours et la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rites d'humiliation des Ou\u00efghours dans les camps de d\u00e9tention chinois[28]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Chine a un \u00e9norme probl\u00e8me interne. La Chine utilise l'argent, la puissance militaire et la puissance polici\u00e8re. Cela leur rapporte d'essayer de contr\u00f4ler l'ensemble de la Chine, mais pour combien de temps ? Nous ne savons pas combien de temps cela peut durer. Ce crime doit \u00eatre soumis au droit international. Si la Chine fournit de la nourriture et des v\u00eatements \u00e0 1,5 million de personnes, elle n'est pas au-dessus de la loi. Les gens savent que ce n'est pas seulement la nourriture qui compte. Si seuls les estomacs sont remplis, la vie n'a aucune valeur. C'est pourquoi la Chine est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. Apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, Xi Jinping a \u00e9galement modifi\u00e9 la constitution. Auparavant, il n'y avait que deux mandats. Maintenant, tout comme Mao Zedong, il est ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi le Politburo chinois a de nombreux probl\u00e8mes. D'autres membres du Politburo qui sont en prison ont perdu l'espoir. C'est pourquoi il est n\u00e9cessaire de suivre la voie internationale. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, neuf ou dix parlements ont reconnu le g\u00e9nocide contre les Ou\u00efghours. Et il y aura aussi des proc\u00e8s devant les tribunaux. Geoffery Nice, ancien procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du proc\u00e8s de Slobodan Milosevic \u00e0 La Haye, a mis en place un tribunal et collect\u00e9 des informations pendant 18 mois. Plus de 500 personnes ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 et l'audience a eu lieu \u00e0 Londres. Ils ont \u00e9galement invit\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois, mais celui-ci ne s'est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Le 9 d\u00e9cembre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le tribunal ou\u00efghour a rendu un jugement selon lequel le gouvernement chinois avait commis un g\u00e9nocide et des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9. Le 9 juin, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement reconnu la motion de g\u00e9nocide. Nous devons pousser les pays. Tous les pays qui ont sign\u00e9 la Convention internationale sur le g\u00e9nocide de 1948 ont le devoir l\u00e9gal et l'obligation de mettre fin au g\u00e9nocide en cours. Et tous les \u00eatres humains ont \u00e9galement une obligation morale. La Chine se retrouvera ainsi dos au mur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION: La Chine est une grande \u00e9conomie. Quand la moralit\u00e9 l'emporte-t-elle sur l'argent? Il y a beaucoup de conf\u00e9rences et de discussions, mais au bout du compte, tout le monde est \u00e9conomiquement dans le lit de la Chine. Que pensez-vous de l'argent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est le m\u00eame probl\u00e8me. C'est le cas de certains pays et entreprises o\u00f9 la valeur de la vie est moins importante que l'argent. C'est pourquoi, aujourd'hui, m\u00eame de nombreux pays europ\u00e9ens et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques ferment les yeux et ignorent le g\u00e9nocide en cours. Cependant, au d\u00e9but, nous avons constat\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es positives, car ce g\u00e9nocide a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en lumi\u00e8re il y a deux ou trois ans, puis de nouvelles preuves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es et des documents ayant fait l'objet de fuites nous ont fourni les t\u00e9moignages de certains survivants. Certains pays, en particulier les pays d\u00e9mocratiques, ne peuvent continuer \u00e0 garder le silence. Il n'y a aucune excuse pour se taire, et si un pays le fait, c'est \u00e0 cause de la puissance \u00e9conomique de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N'oubliez pas que la Chine est la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande \u00e9conomie de la plan\u00e8te. La diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine, qui est un pays autoritaire, et un pays d\u00e9mocratique est le respect des droits fondamentaux de l'homme, la d\u00e9mocratie, l'\u00c9tat de droit et la transparence. Si un pays continue \u00e0 se taire juste pour l'argent, alors il n'y a pas de diff\u00e9rence entre la Chine et ce pays. Le monde entier a clairement vu les effets de la guerre de Crim\u00e9e et de la guerre actuelle entre la Russie et l'Ukraine. Au 21e si\u00e8cle, les gens n'auraient jamais pens\u00e9 que Poutine d\u00e9clencherait une telle guerre. Et Poutine re\u00e7oit un fort soutien de la Chine. Vous devez choisir votre camp et agir en cons\u00e9quence. Mais les gens se r\u00e9veillent, m\u00eame si c'est un peu trop tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, en d\u00e9cembre dernier, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la pr\u00e9vention du travail forc\u00e9 chez les Ou\u00efghours. Cela signifie que les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises ne peuvent importer aucun produit du Turkestan oriental, ou Xinjiang. C'est une \u00e9tape positive. Certains pays, comme le Royaume-Uni ou l'Allemagne, discutent \u00e9galement d'une telle loi. Ils se rendent compte que pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, ils ont tol\u00e9r\u00e9 la situation en raison des avantages \u00e9conomiques temporaires, mais qu'aujourd'hui, la Chine ne menace pas seulement la communaut\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure. Elle pers\u00e9cute \u00e9galement les Tib\u00e9tains et les autres Chinois. Aujourd'hui, le monde entier prend lentement conscience que la Chine et les Russes ne menacent pas seulement la paix r\u00e9gionale, mais aussi la paix mondiale et les valeurs d\u00e9mocratiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L'entr\u00e9e du camp de r\u00e9\u00e9ducation culturelle de Dabancheng[29]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi nous avons vu un peu plus de mouvement, un peu tard, mais toujours n\u00e9cessaire. Si nous attendons et gardons le silence, dans 20 ans la Chine sera la plus grande \u00e9conomie du monde. Quel genre de monde laissons-nous aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures? C'est le point important, car nous essayons de les avertir, de les \u00e9duquer, et maintenant les gens prennent lentement conscience que la Chine est une menace pour eux. Nous avons vu l'Europe et les \u00c9tats-Unis travailler ensemble et prendre des mesures positives contre la Russie. Ils ont imm\u00e9diatement sanctionn\u00e9 la Russie alors qu'ils ont besoin de l'\u00e9nergie russe. De m\u00eame, des sanctions contre le gouvernement chinois doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Parler de ces mesures positives me ram\u00e8ne \u00e9galement \u00e0 mai 2022, lorsque Michelle Bachelet, haut-commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, a visit\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion du Xinjiang. Les critiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit que Mme Bachelet ne faisait que r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les paroles du parti communiste chinois. J'aimerais conna\u00eetre sa r\u00e9action \u00e0 cette visite.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: Nous, au Congr\u00e8s mondial ou\u00efghour, avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises une visite impartiale au Turkestan oriental depuis 2019. La Chine, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque, a tout ni\u00e9. Le gouvernement chinois a fini par l'autoriser \u00e0 se rendre sur place, mais elle s'est d'abord rendue \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine. Les Chinois ont dit que c'\u00e9tait juste une visite diplomatique amicale. Mais elle n'est pas un diplomate, elle est la repr\u00e9sentante de la plus haute instance des droits de l'homme. Elle n'est plus la pr\u00e9sidente du Chili. Elle est la plus haute instance de l'ONU en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme. En th\u00e9orie, elle repr\u00e9sente l'am\u00e9lioration des droits de l'homme. Avant sa visite, nous avons mobilis\u00e9 les Tib\u00e9tains et les Ou\u00efghours pour demander que sa visite soit gratuite. Mais il n'a rencontr\u00e9 aucun repr\u00e9sentant ou camp ou\u00efghour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bureau avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 finalis\u00e9 le rapport sur les droits de l'homme des Ou\u00efghours en septembre 2021. Nous nous attendions \u00e0 ce que le rapport soit publi\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre de l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, mais ils n'ont cess\u00e9 de le repousser. Nous savons donc que sa visite \u00e9tait inutile. Il a seulement rencontr\u00e9 quelques officiels chinois de haut niveau et tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse et, eh bien, c'\u00e9tait honteux. Il a manqu\u00e9 une occasion historique d'arr\u00eater cette atrocit\u00e9. De nombreux pays et presque toutes les organisations de d\u00e9fense des droits de l'homme dans le monde ont critiqu\u00e9 sa visite. Elle a seulement aid\u00e9 le gouvernement chinois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La semaine derni\u00e8re, avant mon arriv\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis, j'\u00e9tais \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve pour assister \u00e0 la 50e session du Conseil des droits de l'homme et elle \u00e9tait l\u00e0. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9: \"J'\u00e9tais l\u00e0, mais je n'ai pu rencontrer aucun d\u00e9tenu. Je n'ai pas pu les rencontrer car les fonctionnaires chinois me suivaient toujours\". Pourquoi n'a-t-elle rien dit plus t\u00f4t?  Lors de la conf\u00e9rence de presse, elle a chang\u00e9 les tables \u00e0 cause de la pression. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 qu'il se repr\u00e9senterait, mais il a perdu toute cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. La sienne et celle de l'ONU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : La visite de Michelle Bachelet a eu lieu quelques semaines seulement avant l'action de certains hackers qui ont subtilis\u00e9 des fichiers de la police. Est-ce que \u00e7a a aid\u00e9? A-t-il fourni de nouvelles informations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REPONSE: Le document est utile pour convaincre la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Mais ce n'est pas nouveau pour nous. Nous ne sommes pas surpris, malheureusement, car ces preuves repr\u00e9sentent peut-\u00eatre 1% de ce qui se passe. Un exemple : au cours des six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, j'ai perdu le contact avec ma famille et re\u00e7u des nouvelles d\u00e9chirantes. J'ai perdu ma m\u00e8re dans un des camps de concentration. La derni\u00e8re communication t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique avec ma m\u00e8re remonte \u00e0 avril 2017. Apr\u00e8s environ 14 mois, j'ai re\u00e7u la nouvelle de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s. De nombreux m\u00e9dias internationaux m'ont demand\u00e9 : \"Dans quel \u00e9tat est morte votre m\u00e8re ?\". Je ne sais pas, je n'en ai aucune id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puis, deux ou trois semaines plus tard, le Washington Post a effectu\u00e9 des recherches, en appelant au hasard les autorit\u00e9s polici\u00e8res ou certains responsables gouvernementaux. Ils ont confirm\u00e9 que ma m\u00e8re est morte dans un camp de concentration. En 2020, le Global Times de Chine a rapport\u00e9 que mon p\u00e8re \u00e9tait \u00e9galement mort. Dans quelles circonstances ? Je ne sais pas. Aurait-il pu mourir \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital, chez lui ou ailleurs ? O\u00f9 se trouve sa tombe ? Je ne sais pas. Et l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, en 2021, j'ai re\u00e7u une autre nouvelle d\u00e9chirante. Mon jeune fr\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison \u00e0 vie. Avant cela, j'ai appris que mon fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9, professeur de math\u00e9matiques, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 24 ans de prison. Voil\u00e0 toutes les nouvelles que j'ai re\u00e7ues au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es concernant ma famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je ne sais pas si mes deux fr\u00e8res sont vivants ou morts. Je ne sais pas combien de mes proches sont encore en vie ou combien sont dans des camps de concentration. Je ne le sais tout simplement pas. Mais mon cas n'est pas unique. La plupart des Ou\u00efgours vivant en exil ont les m\u00eames probl\u00e8mes. C'est pourquoi ces fuites de fichiers ne sont pas nouvelles pour nous. C'est la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s chaque jour. Mais il est tr\u00e8s important de convaincre le monde. Il y a plus de 5000 photos et c'est un choc pour le monde. Les m\u00e9dias doivent faire quelque chose. Depuis deux ans, nous essayons de convaincre le Parlement europ\u00e9en de reconna\u00eetre le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. D'accord, certains membres du Parlement ne nous ont peut-\u00eatre pas apport\u00e9 leur soutien auparavant, mais apr\u00e8s la publication de ce dossier et la session du Parlement, cela devrait les pousser \u00e0 d\u00e9poser une r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION : Des rapports ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que Nike utiliserait le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours dans ses usines du Xinjiang. Ceux qui vivent loin de chez eux peuvent \u00eatre indiff\u00e9rents \u00e0 cette question. Et m\u00eame s'ils voulaient faire quelque chose, ils pourraient se sentir impuissants. Si quelqu'un se trouve en Europe en ce moment, que peut-il faire? Que diriez-vous aux gens, \u00e0 tous les citoyens du monde, et comment peuvent-ils aider?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9PONSE: C'est une bonne question. Le gouvernement chinois tente de saper tout le monde, y compris les pays europ\u00e9ens, les autres pays d\u00e9mocratiques et les institutions universitaires. Il y a deux jours \u00e0 peine, l'universit\u00e9 technique de Sydney a offert une tribune \u00e0 l'ambassade de Chine, qui l'a utilis\u00e9e pour diffuser la propagande du parti communiste.  Certains \u00e9tudiants voulaient poser des questions, mais la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les a forc\u00e9s \u00e0 sortir. Les autres \u00e9tudiants devraient pr\u00eater attention et sensibiliser le public. Beaucoup de gens ne le savent pas. Chaque citoyen peut \u00e9crire une lettre \u00e0 son gouvernement pour lui demander de faire pression. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape devrait \u00eatre d'\u00e9crire une lettre aux membres du Parlement pour qu'ils adoptent ou votent la motion sur le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efgour. Deuxi\u00e8mement, faites pression sur le gouvernement et le minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et demandez : pourquoi ce silence persiste-t-il?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, des entreprises comme Zara, qui ont un lien direct avec le travail forc\u00e9 des Ou\u00efghours, doivent \u00eatre mises en cause. Les gens doivent refuser d'acheter ce genre de produits. Organisez des webinaires ou r\u00e9digez des articles, car la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration est tr\u00e8s active sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux. C'est important, car la Chine d\u00e9pense 60 milliards de dollars par an en fausses nouvelles. Vous pouvez imaginer \u00e7a? 60 milliards de dollars. Ils d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles applications et exploitent toutes les opportunit\u00e9s. La jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration peut utiliser les m\u00e9dias sociaux et sensibiliser les gens pour les \u00e9duquer. Tout aide, c'est un v\u00e9ritable g\u00e9nocide dont on ne parle pas dans les grands m\u00e9dias. C'est aux jeunes, qui dirigent les m\u00e9dias sociaux, de faire \u00e9quipe et de changer les choses[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/8\/10\/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/china-xinjiang-uighur-muslim-detention-camps-xi-jinping-persecution-a9165896.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/muslim-woman-describes-horrors-of-chinese-concentration-camp-2019-10?r=US&IR=T<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/is-china-committing-genocide-against-the-uiguri-180979490\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/3166036\/past-present-and-future-oil-chinas-xinjiang-uygur-region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-56487162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-22278037<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/asia\/china\/uiguri-detention-camp-xinjiang-leaked-photos-b2085960.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/05\/01\/chinas-algorithms-repression\/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/02\/11\/china-uighurs-genocide-xinjiang\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/07\/10\/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2018\/09\/09\/eradicating-ideological-viruses\/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2020\/7\/28\/21333345\/uighurs-china-internment-camps-forced-labor-xinjiang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolkun_Isa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/en.gariwo.net\/righteous\/uiguri\/dolkun-isa-23948.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/04\/saudi-arabia-uiguri-girl-13-among-four-facing-deportation-and-torture-in-china\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/6186970\/china-xinjiang-uighur-fake-news\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/bharatabharati.in\/2021\/10\/10\/chinese-exile-reveals-extent-of-torture-against-uiguri-rebecca-wright-ivan-watson-zahid-mahmood-tom-booth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/news.sky.com\/story\/chinas-xinjiang-camps-secret-documents-lift-lid-on-uighur-brainwashing-11869700<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/loopmedia.app\/deshmukhabhijeet8\/who-are-the-uiguri-genocide-forced-labour-and-endless-chinese-atrocities-dolkun-isa-interview<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le g\u00e9nocide ou\u00efghour : entretien avec Dolkun Isa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-genocide-ouighour-entretien-avec-dolkun-isa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6309","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_date_gmt":"2022-06-16 22:26:50","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sont des mercenaires connus pour leur f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et leur d\u00e9termination. Ils apparaissent dans un conflit, comme des fant\u00f4mes, et commettent des massacres - pour ensuite dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 nouveau. Lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine, lorsque Poutine s'est rendu compte que les conscrits \u00e9taient massacr\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de Kiev, il les a envoy\u00e9s d\u00e9fendre le Donbass et attaquer Mariupol, dans l'espoir de couper l'acc\u00e8s de l'Ukraine \u00e0 la mer. Dans la confusion des donn\u00e9es contradictoires sur la guerre au bord de la mer Noire, la seule chose certaine est que les mercenaires sont l\u00e0, et qu'ils se battent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9anmoins, \"l'entreprise militaire priv\u00e9e Wagner\" (\"le groupe Wagner\") est ill\u00e9gale en Russie. Il n'est jamais mentionn\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias nationaux et la grande majorit\u00e9 des Russes n'en savent rien. Les m\u00e9dias \u00e9trangers les appellent \"soldats fant\u00f4mes\" (ou \"hommes verts\" ou \"wagn\u00e9riens\"[1]<\/a>) - ce sont les fant\u00f4mes militaires, sans identification claire au sein des forces arm\u00e9es officielles, qui se battent pour de l'argent (ils gagnent plus de 2 000 dollars par mois plus les indemnit\u00e9s pour les missions de combat[2]<\/a>) et, du r\u00e9gime de Vladimir Poutine, ne sont officiellement que des clients[3]<\/a>. Ses mercenaires combattent en Ukraine[4]<\/a>, et nombre d'entre eux sont morts dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, au Soudan et dans d'autres pays[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s russes nient l'existence de PMC (private military company) Wagner et font obstruction (ou r\u00e9duisent au silence pour toujours) les journalistes qui \u00e9crivent et enqu\u00eatent sur le groupe[6]<\/a>. Le Kremlin admet seulement que des citoyens russes participent \u00e0 titre priv\u00e9 \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de combat \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[7]<\/a>, ou qu'ils \u00e9taient simplement l\u00e0 parce qu'ils tournaient un documentaire, comme cela s'est produit en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2015[8]<\/a>, et l'ann\u00e9e suivante, Dmitriy Utkin (son fondateur) a \u00e9t\u00e9 vu lors d'une r\u00e9ception sp\u00e9ciale au Kremlin pour les militaires qui se sont distingu\u00e9s par un h\u00e9ro\u00efsme particulier (il d\u00e9tient quatre ordres du courage russes[9]<\/a>). Depuis juin 2017, Utkin et le groupe de Wagner font l'objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 un groupe terroriste[10]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, l'Union europ\u00e9enne a \u00e9galement promulgu\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e0 l'encontre du groupe Wagner[11]<\/a> et, en mars 2022, le groupe s'est retrouv\u00e9 sur la \"liste noire\" du Japon, promulgu\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l'invasion de l'Ukraine[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le PMC Wagner est une agence du GRU (le service de renseignement militaire de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie), mais il re\u00e7oit en m\u00eame temps des dons priv\u00e9s et intervient l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les troupes russes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne peuvent pas \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es. La liste de ses t\u00e2ches est longue : l'an\u00e9antissement de seigneurs de guerre r\u00e9gionaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme g\u00eanants, la conduite de guerres au nom d'un client ou d'un alli\u00e9 de Poutine[13]<\/a>. Les unit\u00e9s PMC de Wagner comptent, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments et selon diverses sources, entre 1350 et 2000 personnes. Selon des sources de la Bundeswehr, le nombre total de mercenaires atteint 2500[14]<\/a>, mais avec la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter ce nombre lorsque la situation l'exige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le recrutement de mercenaires a lieu dans toute la Russie. Beaucoup de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en Syrie avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 combattu dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des parents et des connaissances des mercenaires morts. Le recrutement de personnel de l'arm\u00e9e priv\u00e9e ne semble pas s'\u00eatre limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 parmi les habitants des zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les s\u00e9paratistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine. Selon le SBU (l'h\u00e9ritier du KGB), en octobre 2017, 40 combattants avec des passeports ukrainiens servaient dans le PMC Wagner[15]<\/a>. L'organisation serait enregistr\u00e9e en tant que soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Argentine[16]<\/a> et aurait \u00e9galement des bureaux \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg[17]<\/a> et \u00e0 Hong Kong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Photo de groupe des unit\u00e9s du Groupe Wagner actives en Ukraine[19]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'indicatif d'appel de Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par le Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Utkin, n\u00e9 en 1970 dans la r\u00e9gion de Sverdlovsk - officier de profession, il \u00e9tait jusqu'en 2013 commandant de la 700e unit\u00e9 des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU, stationn\u00e9e \u00e0 Pechory, dans la r\u00e9gion de Pskov. Apr\u00e8s avoir pris sa retraite en 2013, il a travaill\u00e9 pour Moran Security Group (MSG)[20]<\/a>, une entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la surveillance des navires dans les zones expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la piraterie, comme la Somalie et le Nigeria[21]<\/a>. Lorsque les chefs du GMS ont organis\u00e9 le Corps slave en 2013 et l'ont envoy\u00e9 en Syrie pour d\u00e9fendre Bachar al-Assad, Utkin a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 cette exp\u00e9dition. \u00c0 partir de 2014, il part pour la guerre d'annexion de la Crim\u00e9e, o\u00f9 il devient chef d'une unit\u00e9 appel\u00e9e PMC Wagner, d'apr\u00e8s le surnom de son commandant[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la presse, Utkin est fascin\u00e9 par le national-socialisme et a donc choisi le nom de \"Wagner\" en l'honneur du compositeur pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d'Adolf Hitler[23]<\/a>. Le groupe dispose d'une base d'entra\u00eenement, appel\u00e9e \"polygone Molkino\", situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 km de Krasnodar[24]<\/a>, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la 10e brigade des forces sp\u00e9ciales du GRU[25]<\/a>. Parmi les autres bases connues figure celle de Rostov-sur-le-Don, d'o\u00f9 partent les avions pour la Syrie[26]<\/a>. En 2016, il est apparu que le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a allou\u00e9 plus d'un milliard de roubles au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es pour \u00e9quiper les unit\u00e9s militaires dans cette r\u00e9gion[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2019, alors que la pr\u00e9sence de PMC Wagner en Afrique se renforce, un voyage pr\u00e9vu d'Utkin au Rwanda aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute : il devait voyager avec Valery Zakharov, conseiller russe en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine. Par la suite, le colonel Konstantin Aleksandrovich Pikalov (alias \"Mazay\") devait \u00eatre charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations africaines de Wagner apr\u00e8s la mise sur liste noire d'Utkin par les Am\u00e9ricains[28]<\/a>. Au moins jusqu'en 2007, Pikalov a servi comme officier dans l'unit\u00e9 militaire 99795, situ\u00e9e dans le village de Storozhevo, pr\u00e8s de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg : une unit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale du minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense charg\u00e9e, entre autres, de \"d\u00e9terminer les effets des rayons radioactifs sur les organismes vivants\"[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s sa retraite, Pikalov a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 vivre \u00e0 la base jusqu'en 2012 au moins et a dirig\u00e9 une agence d'investigation priv\u00e9e. En 2016, il s'est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux \u00e9lections municipales dans le district de la base militaire au nom de Russie juste, un parti pro-Kremlin. Le comit\u00e9 \u00e9lectoral central, pour des raisons inconnues, a interdit sa candidature. Cela pourrait \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d'un casier judiciaire, car son nom figure sur une liste noire de la Banque centrale en tant que \"suspect de blanchiment d'argent\". Le dossier p\u00e9nal actuel de Pikalov est vide, ce qui peut signifier que les soup\u00e7ons n'ont pas abouti \u00e0 des accusations criminelles r\u00e9elles, ou que les documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2014 et 2017, Pikalov a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises vers des destinations proches de la fronti\u00e8re ukrainienne, parfois avec des membres de Wagner, notamment Vadim Gusev, le superviseur de l'action du Corps slave en Syrie, et Nikolay Khamatkoev, un agent connu de Wagner[31]<\/a>. Les forums th\u00e9matiques sont remplis de demandes de personnes souhaitant s'engager dans PMC Wagner, d\u00e9passant largement le nombre de postes vacants. En Russie, m\u00eame sans tenir compte de la guerre, la mis\u00e8re augmente, les salaires sont bas, les gar\u00e7ons n'ont nulle part o\u00f9 aller : \"Il y a une queue de gens pour entrer \u00e0 Molkino\"[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Une chapelle \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des Wagn\u00e9riens tu\u00e9s en Syrie, construite au bord de l'autoroute du Don[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2018, \u00e0 Molkino, une chapelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en l'honneur des combattants de Wagner, vraisemblablement par l'une des entreprises de Prigozhin : Megalain OOO St. Petersburg (qui a \u00e9galement construit pour le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense) [34]<\/a>. Dans la zone, entour\u00e9e d'une cl\u00f4ture, un monument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire d'un homme portant un uniforme militaire non marqu\u00e9, dans lequel le commandant du PMC Wagner, Dmitriy Utkin, est reconnaissable[35]<\/a>. Des sculptures similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9rig\u00e9es \u00e0 Luhansk en Ukraine et dans la ville syrienne de Hama[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien qu'Utkin soit l'homme embl\u00e9matique du PMC Wagner, les experts sugg\u00e8rent que son r\u00f4le est plut\u00f4t celui d'un commandant de terrain : les mercenaires de Wagner sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans une cha\u00eene de commandement sous le contr\u00f4le du Kremlin (GRU)[37]<\/a>. Certaines des sources de financement des CMP sont des postes de d\u00e9penses secrets du minist\u00e8re russe de la d\u00e9fense et l'homme d'affaires Yevgeniy Prigozhin (bien qu'il nie tout lien[38]<\/a>), un homme proche de Vladimir Poutine[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re le Groupe Wagner ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Novembre 2011 : Evgeniy Prigozhin (\u00e0 gauche) avec Vladimir Poutine lors d'un banquet[40]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit de l'une des plus grandes r\u00e9ussites de la Russie de Poutine : un criminel condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises devient milliardaire en tant que l'un des plus grands entrepreneurs de l'\u00c9tat. Il profite de tout, des \u00e9coliers de Moscou et de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg aux soldats et au personnel de l'EMERCOM. Il re\u00e7oit de l'argent pour l'entretien des casernes et des nouvelles constructions militaires. Il poss\u00e8de les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \"usines \u00e0 trolls\" de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et ses influenceurs publient chaque jour des milliers de posts pro-Poutine sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux dans diff\u00e9rentes langues[41]<\/a>. Il poss\u00e8de des biens immobiliers de luxe, un yacht de 115 pieds et un jet priv\u00e9[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'Evgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"chef de Poutine\", car les deux hommes se sont rencontr\u00e9s lorsque le premier \u00e9tait restaurateur \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et le pr\u00e9sident l'un de ses clients. Gr\u00e2ce aux contrats obtenus par Poutine, Prigozhin a construit un empire commercial[43]<\/a>. Il nie tout lien avec PMC Wagner, mais il n'existe que des preuves indirectes de son implication[44]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2021, il a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un tribunal europ\u00e9en de retirer le texte justifiant son inscription sur les listes de sanctions de l'UE en tant que sponsor de PMC Wagner[45]<\/a>. Il a un pass\u00e9 mouvement\u00e9. Selon les m\u00e9dias russes, il a pass\u00e9 neuf ans en prison pour fraude et vol dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Il s'est ensuite lanc\u00e9 dans la restauration, a ouvert \"New Island\", puis une demi-douzaine de restaurants de luxe \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et \u00e0 Moscou[46]<\/a>. Poutine s'est tourn\u00e9 vers lui pour la restauration de ses partis, y compris ceux avec le pr\u00e9sident Bush et Jacques Chirac. Prigozhin a ensuite obtenu des contrats lucratifs de restauration pour des \u00e9coles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2010, Poutine a ouvert sa nouvelle usine alimentaire. En 2011, cependant, les parents ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 protester contre l'usine, qui fournissait aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves des aliments pleins de conservateurs. Prigozhin a remport\u00e9 des contrats de restauration scolaire d'une valeur de plus de 10 milliards de roubles, soit 177 millions de dollars[47]<\/a>. Mais \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un initi\u00e9 du Kremlin, avec de nombreux contrats d'\u00c9tat \u00e0 suivre (plus de 750 rien qu'entre 2010 et 2016) [48]<\/a> et un empire commercial en pleine expansion[49]<\/a>. Sa carri\u00e8re a atteint son apog\u00e9e en 2012, lorsqu'il a obtenu un contrat de 1,6 milliard de dollars sur deux ans pour fournir plus de 90 % des repas des soldats russes[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Prigozhin figure sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines en raison de ses liens avec les s\u00e9paratistes de l'est de l'Ukraine. En d\u00e9cembre 2016, le d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Prigozhin avait des \"relations d'affaires \u00e9tendues\" avec le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense et \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 la construction d'une nouvelle base militaire dans la r\u00e9gion de Belgorod, pr\u00e8s de l'Ukraine[51]<\/a>. Toujours en 2016, les entreprises de M. Prigozhin ont remport\u00e9 le concours de l'\u00c9tat pour tout fournir aux militaires : nourriture, nettoyage, entretien des casernes, chauffage et plomberie : au moins 26 milliards de roubles (plus de 370 000 dollars \u00e0 ce jour) de contrats d'\u00c9tat pour l'entretien des camps militaires, attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq entreprises de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appartenant \u00e0 l'oligarque[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain le lie (ainsi que 13 autres Russes[53]<\/a>) \u00e0 l'ing\u00e9rence russe dans l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016. L'acte d'accusation indique qu'il a \"d\u00e9pens\u00e9 des fonds importants\" pour l'Internet Research Agency (IRA)[54]<\/a>, un organisme bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et surnomm\u00e9 \"l'usine \u00e0 trolls russe\"[55]<\/a>. Les deux autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s impliqu\u00e9es dans l'affaire sont Concord Management and Consulting Ltd St. Petersburg et Concord Catering Ltd Moscou[56]<\/a>, toutes deux contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par le groupe Concord[57]<\/a>, dont Prigozhin est copropri\u00e9taire[58]<\/a>. Le groupe Concord figure \u00e9galement sur la liste des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines pour les interventions militaires de la Russie en Crim\u00e9e et en Ukraine[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cembre 2016 : Vladimir Poutine avec le colonel Andrey Troshev (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 partir de la gauche), arborant le prix du H\u00e9ros de la Russie, et le colonel Dmitry Utkin (\u00e0 l'extr\u00eame droite), portant quatre m\u00e9dailles pour bravoure[60]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prigozhin, qui a des liens \u00e9troits avec l'Indon\u00e9sie et le Qatar, est recherch\u00e9 par le FBI, qui offre une r\u00e9compense de 250 000 dollars pour toute information menant \u00e0 son arrestation[61]<\/a>. D\u00e9but novembre 2018, Nova\u00efa Gazeta a rapport\u00e9 que Prigojine avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des entretiens entre le ministre russe de la D\u00e9fense Sergue\u00ef Shoigu et le commandant de l'arm\u00e9e nationale libyenne Khalifa Haftar[62]<\/a>. Son jet priv\u00e9 se rendrait souvent au Soudan, en Syrie, en Libye et en \u00c9gypte[63]<\/a>. Prigozhin serait impliqu\u00e9 dans OOO Evro Polis, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Prigozhin[64]<\/a> qui, \u00e0 l'\u00e9t\u00e9 2017[65]<\/a>, a pass\u00e9 un contrat avec le gouvernement syrien pour cr\u00e9er une coentreprise et prot\u00e9ger les champs p\u00e9troliers syriens en \u00e9change d'une part de 25%[66]<\/a> de la production de p\u00e9trole et de gaz des champs lib\u00e9r\u00e9s d'ISIS. En outre, le gouvernement syrien verse 50 000 dollars par an \u00e0 cette entreprise pour la formation des travailleurs[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un secret quasi absolu, les Wagn\u00e9riens prot\u00e8gent des personnalit\u00e9s politiques en Crim\u00e9e, dans le Donbass[68]<\/a>, en Syrie[69]<\/a>, au Venezuela[70]<\/a>, en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[71]<\/a>, mais aussi en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Soudan, en Libye[72]<\/a>, \u00e0 Madagascar, en Angola, en Guin\u00e9e, en Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, au Mozambique[73]<\/a>, au Zimbabwe[74]<\/a>, au Mali[75]<\/a>, au Burkina Faso[76]<\/a> et au Belarus[77]<\/a>. Au d\u00e9but de 2020, Erik Prince, fondateur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire Blackwater, a fourni des services au groupe Wagner dans le cadre d'op\u00e9rations en Libye et au Mozambique[78]<\/a>. Selon des documents ayant fait l'objet d'une fuite et des entretiens avec d'anciens employ\u00e9s, les t\u00e2ches varient consid\u00e9rablement en fonction du pays dans lequel l'op\u00e9ration a lieu. Dans certains pays, comme le Mozambique et la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, des mercenaires sont sur le terrain. Dans d'autres, comme en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 Madagascar, seuls des strat\u00e8ges politiques et des gardes du corps sont pr\u00e9sents. Au Tchad et au B\u00e9nin, les hommes d'Utkin travaillent avec des politiciens proches du groupe arm\u00e9 musulman Seleka. En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine et au Mozambique, Prigozhin avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux avant que PMC Wagner n'intervienne[79]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraine, Crim\u00e9e et Donbass, 2014-2015 et 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l'est de l'Ukraine[80]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certaines sources parlent de la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner en Crim\u00e9e, mais il n'existe aucune preuve \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. En revanche, la participation des combattants de Wagner dans le Donbass au printemps 2014 est certaine : \"Apr\u00e8s la Crim\u00e9e, les combattants de Wagner ont rapidement trouv\u00e9 du travail dans le Donbass. Les mercenaires organisent les unit\u00e9s rebelles et les renforcent. Quelques dizaines de combattants professionnels ne pouvaient pas renverser le cours du conflit, mais ils sont devenus un pivot pour de nombreuses milices initialement inexp\u00e9riment\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce soutien, les rebelles ont pu rapidement d\u00e9stabiliser les structures de pouvoir ukrainiennes dans les deux r\u00e9gions, paralyser les autorit\u00e9s locales, s'emparer des arsenaux et prendre le contr\u00f4le total de la rue\", \u00e9crivent Sputnik et Pogrom[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9but 2015, il aurait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la liquidation de certaines figures connues du mouvement s\u00e9paratiste (les \" milices sauvages \") - des bandes de voyous se livrant \u00e0 des pillage[82]<\/a> . Dans ce cas, les mercenaires n'\u00e9taient pas seulement des Russes mais aussi des Bi\u00e9lorusses, des Oss\u00e8tes, des Abkhazes et des Ukrainiens. Le grand nombre d'Ukrainiens n'est pas surprenant : en 1990, 80 % des officiers des forces sp\u00e9ciales et des forces a\u00e9roport\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques venaient d'Ukraine. Des personnes d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es qui, apr\u00e8s la fin de l'URSS, n'ont pas trouv\u00e9 de travail et ont fini par mendier ou se suicider[83]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En octobre 2017, le chef du service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ukrainien, Vasyl Hrytsak, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les Wagn\u00e9riens \u00e9taient impliqu\u00e9s dans la destruction d'un transport militaire IL-76 dans l'est de l'Ukraine en juin 2014, l'assaut de l'a\u00e9roport de Donetsk et les op\u00e9rations de combat pr\u00e8s de Debaltseve[84]<\/a>. Un ancien wagn\u00e9rien, exil\u00e9 en France, a racont\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 recontact\u00e9 pour aller combattre en Ukraine en f\u00e9vrier 2022[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syrie, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les mercenaires de Wagner d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des troupes du r\u00e9gime syrien[86]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de 2011, le printemps arabe a d\u00e9ferl\u00e9 sur la Syrie. Les manifestations pacifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 violemment r\u00e9prim\u00e9es par la police. Puis, \u00e0 partir du 15 mars, des manifestations de masse ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 dans tout le pays pour exiger la d\u00e9mission de Bachar el-Assad. Ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d'un conflit qui allait durer huit longues ann\u00e9es et co\u00fbter la vie \u00e0 pr\u00e8s d'un demi-million de Syriens[87]<\/a>. Le Groupe Wagner est arriv\u00e9 en Syrie en 2015 : le d\u00e9ploiement militaire de la Russie en soutien au pr\u00e9sident Assad a commenc\u00e9 en septembre et a surtout pris la forme de frappes a\u00e9riennes, frappant durement des cibles civiles. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, les autorit\u00e9s russes ont ni\u00e9 la mort de combattants priv\u00e9s dans cette guerre, niant m\u00eame leur existence[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au d\u00e9but de la campagne militaire, le service en Syrie durait six mois, puis a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit \u00e0 trois. Aucune difficult\u00e9 pour passer la fronti\u00e8re, les gardes-fronti\u00e8res savent probablement pourquoi les hommes partent. Leurs passeports ne sont pas tamponn\u00e9s. C'est comme si tout le monde survolait la Syrie pendant des mois et rentrait ensuite chez lui sans jamais avoir pos\u00e9 le pied sur le sol[89]<\/a>. Selon le minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, seuls des volontaires, ne faisant pas partie de l'arm\u00e9e nationale[90]<\/a>, combattent en Syrie, et il n'y a que tr\u00e8s peu de morts parmi eux[91]<\/a>. Certes, plus d'une centaine[92]<\/a> de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en une seule journ\u00e9e par des frappes a\u00e9riennes am\u00e9ricaines le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2018[93]<\/a>. Certains des hommes qui sont morts en Syrie avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Crim\u00e9e et dans le Donbass les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes[94]<\/a>. Les proches des soldats russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pay\u00e9s par des primes d'assurance souscrites par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es, qui ont restitu\u00e9 les corps aux familles[95]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En particulier, les mercenaires russes sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s d'avoir particip\u00e9 au premier et au deuxi\u00e8me assaut sur Palmyre en 2016 et 2017[96]<\/a>. Des sources militaires affirment que ce sont les hommes de Wagner qui sont entr\u00e9s les premiers dans la ville reconquise par le r\u00e9gime[97]<\/a>. Les officiers servant en Syrie gagnent environ 150 000 roubles (environ 2 300 dollars) par mois. En Ukraine, ils n'ont gagn\u00e9 que 80 000 roubles (environ 1 200 dollars). Les personnes bless\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 indemnis\u00e9es \u00e0 hauteur de 300 000 roubles (environ 4 600 dollars), tandis que les proches recevaient 2 millions de roubles en cas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Depuis le d\u00e9but de la campagne en Syrie, les indemnit\u00e9s de d\u00e9c\u00e8s s'\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 5 millions de roubles[98]<\/a>. Lorsqu'ils rentraient chez eux, ils restaient \u00e0 Wagner, car ils ne trouvaient pas de travail en dehors de celui de mercenaire[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin 2017, le minist\u00e8re russe de la D\u00e9fense a r\u00e9duit de mani\u00e8re drastique la fourniture d'armes au groupe. Il est all\u00e9gu\u00e9 que PMC Wagner a \u00e9t\u00e9 pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 obtenir des fonds de la Syrie, pour un engagement militaire et la protection de champs p\u00e9troliers et gaziers[100]<\/a>. En novembre 2017, Poutine a annonc\u00e9 la fin imminente de la mission militaire en Syrie. La pr\u00e9sence militaire russe est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 deux bases militaires et \u00e0 quelques autres infrastructures[101]<\/a>. N\u00e9anmoins, selon les renseignements am\u00e9ricains, Prigozhin \u00e9tait en contact \u00e9troit avec le Kremlin \u00e0 l'approche de l'assaut contre les rebelles \u00e0 Deir al-Zour en f\u00e9vrier 2018[102]<\/a>. Wagner aurait travers\u00e9 l'Euphrate et bombard\u00e9 la base situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de Khursham, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de champs p\u00e9trolif\u00e8res tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s. Les communications intercept\u00e9es ont montr\u00e9 que Prigozhin \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 dans la planification de l'attaque avec des responsables syriens[103]<\/a> avant l'attaque[104]<\/a>, dont l'objectif \u00e9tait de s'emparer des champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes, alli\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudan et R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omar al-Bashir et Vladimir Poutine[106]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2013, le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU a plac\u00e9 un embargo sur les livraisons d'armes \u00e0 destination de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pour \u00e9viter une nouvelle guerre civile. En d\u00e9cembre 2017, Moscou a envoy\u00e9 des armes russes, gratuitement, au gouvernement de Bangui. En octobre 2018, le minist\u00e8re russe des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res a annonc\u00e9 que Moscou avait demand\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'ONU l'autorisation d'envoyer un autre lot d'\u00e9quipements militaires en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine[107]<\/a>. Les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence croissante de la Russie dans les pays africains[108]<\/a>, signalent \u00e0 l'ONU la pr\u00e9sence de Wagner dans le pays et son implication directe dans le conflit[109]<\/a>. Le journaliste russe Alexander Kots[110]<\/a> publie une vid\u00e9o d'un instructeur russe entra\u00eenant des soldats au Soudan, intitul\u00e9e \"La vie quotidienne d'un CMP russe\"[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2017, le dictateur soudanais Omar B\u00e9chir, accus\u00e9 de g\u00e9nocide par la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale, s'est rendu \u00e0 Moscou[112]<\/a> et a demand\u00e9 l'aide de Poutine, qui l'a qualifi\u00e9 de \"pr\u00e9sident l\u00e9gitime\" du pays[113]<\/a>. Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain Thomas Waldhauser d\u00e9clare que \"en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la Russie a consolid\u00e9 son influence par une coop\u00e9ration militaire \u00e9tendue, y compris des livraisons d'armes, et a obtenu en retour l'acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et aux droits miniers du pays\"[114]<\/a>. Waldhauser estime que 175 \"formateurs\" du groupe Wagner sont actifs \u00e0 Bangui et craint que le groupe n'acqui\u00e8re \u00e9galement des clients dans d'autres pays africains[115]<\/a>. Les autorit\u00e9s russes confirment cette information[116]<\/a> et, dans les mois qui suivent, la presse fran\u00e7aise d\u00e9couvre des d\u00e9tails encore plus pr\u00e9cis[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En janvier 2019, le Times rapporte que les mercenaires du groupe Wagner sont \u00e9galement actifs au Soudan, o\u00f9 les protestations contre le r\u00e9gime en place depuis 30 ans enflamment le pays. La porte-parole du minist\u00e8re russe des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Maria Zakharova, admet que des \"membres de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es russes\" sont actifs au Soudan, mais nie qu'ils aient des liens avec le Kremlin[118]<\/a>. Le 30 juillet 2020, trois journalistes russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine : ils \u00e9taient l\u00e0 pour r\u00e9aliser un film sur les activit\u00e9s du groupe Wagner. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s sur le bord de la route par des inconnus. L'enqu\u00eate sur leur mort est toujours en cours[119]<\/a>. On suppose qu'ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s par une autre CMP, les Patriotes, sur laquelle l'un des journalistes enqu\u00eatait, ou peut-\u00eatre par le groupe rebelle local S\u00e9l\u00e9ka[120]<\/a>. En janvier 2022, des dizaines de mercenaires russes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s de Bangui en Ukraine[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La voie de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le symbole du groupe Wagner<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2018, les combattants du PMC ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l'administration pr\u00e9sidentielle russe de l\u00e9galiser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de mercenaires. Le minist\u00e8re de la d\u00e9fense a r\u00e9pondu que l'activit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es est inconstitutionnelle. Les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans des forces arm\u00e9es russes estiment que les participants aux CMP sont d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment priv\u00e9s de leur statut juridique. Ainsi, ils ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de l'aide financi\u00e8re du gouvernement accord\u00e9e aux anciens combattants, mais sont plut\u00f4t poursuivis en vertu du Code criminel[122]<\/a>. 357 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s de 52 provinces russes \u00e9crivent une p\u00e9tition au gouvernement, affirmant que les CMP ont caus\u00e9 des centaines de morts russes dans le Donbass, en Syrie, en Libye, en Afrique centrale et au Gabon. Cependant, les Russes combattent \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger avec le statut de \"volontaires\" et sans aucune reconnaissance officielle du Kremlin[123]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les \"divisions compos\u00e9es de \"clandestins\" (PMC Patriot, PMC Wagner, etc.) et leurs soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es (par exemple Lobaye Invest, qui op\u00e8re en R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, et Evro Polis, active en Syrie) signent des contrats d'extraction d'or et de p\u00e9trole au niveau international et re\u00e7oivent des concessions \u00e0 la suite de n\u00e9gociations intergouvernementales officielles\". Mais ils signent des contrats juridiquement intenables avec des mercenaires russes, qui ne r\u00e9glementent pas les op\u00e9rations dans des conditions de combat[124]<\/a>. Les activit\u00e9s mercenaires sont interdites en Russie ; les soldats ne peuvent travailler que pour l'\u00c9tat. Le code p\u00e9nal pr\u00e9voit jusqu'\u00e0 sept ans d'emprisonnement pour la participation \u00e0 des conflits arm\u00e9s sur le territoire d'un autre pays (article 359) et jusqu'\u00e0 15 ans d'emprisonnement pour le recrutement, l'entra\u00eenement et le financement d'un mercenaire[125]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais t\u00f4t ou tard, Poutine devra changer cela, notamment parce qu'\u00e0 l'heure actuelle, la fa\u00e7ade propre du r\u00e9gime russe a fondu sous l'effet des missiles tir\u00e9s sur des maisons, des \u00e9coles et des h\u00f4pitaux en Syrie et en Ukraine. Les mercenaires du groupe Wagner, comme leurs coll\u00e8gues organis\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Afrique du Sud, constituent l'un des plus grands probl\u00e8mes non r\u00e9solus de la sc\u00e8ne politique mondiale. Nous en revenons aux soldats de fortune, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 le Moyen \u00c2ge europ\u00e9en dans une orgie de carnage et de r\u00e9pression populaire. C'est pourquoi, m\u00eame si nous n'avons relat\u00e9 que les horreurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Wagner, il est important que le public sache, s'indigne, fasse quelque chose. Chacun \u00e0 sa mani\u00e8re. Sinon, Greta Thunberg et les gars qui luttent contre le changement climatique deviendront bient\u00f4t une triste blague de l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plan\u00e8te \u00e9tait encore habitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.unian.ua\/war\/popasna-ukrajinska-artileriya-bilya-popasnoji-nakrila-rosiyskih-naymanciv-pvk-vagnera-novini-vtorgnennya-rosiji-v-ukrajinu-11778558.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F\/a-44905820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2021\/12\/14\/n_17011729.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20220308\/sanktsii-1777110517.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/03\/30\/vladimir-putin-sent-russian-mercenaries-to-fight-in-syria-and-uk\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.debka.com\/russia-flies-2000-mercenary-troops-into-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/chvk-wagner-and-privatisation-of-russian-geopolitics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thedrive.com\/the-war-zone\/18533\/russian-mercenaries-take-a-lead-in-attacks-on-us-and-allied-forces-in-syria<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/international-security\/reports\/decoding-wagner-group-analyzing-role-private-military-security-contractors-russian-proxy-warfare\/tracing-wagners-roots\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Official web-site: http:\/\/moran-group.org\/en\/about\/index<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.golosameriki.com\/a\/wagner-ghost-soldiers\/6560778.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2016\/03\/30\/8151161.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43239626<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/zona.media\/news\/2022\/05\/03\/tarasenko<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/ria.ru\/20201130\/prigozhin-1587003995.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/navalny.com\/p\/5086\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> La liste des filiales et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s affili\u00e9es de Prigozhin: https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/search?Query=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/news\/2022\/02\/12\/17280553.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> La liste des contrats entre le gouvernement et les entreprises Prigozhin: https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/10R61ZSIpSjgHcdKKTl4uG59LVPM2FFlYYe8b6do9qgs\/edit#gid=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/17\/politics\/russian-oligarch-putin-chef-troll-factory\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fontanka.ru\/2016\/01\/11\/120\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43092085<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Court case United States of America Vs Internet Research Agency LLC, Evgeniy Prigozhin and others, see more: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/file\/1035477\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43093390<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> Official website: https:\/\/concord-catering.ru\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spark-interfax.ru\/sankt-peterburg-petrogradski\/ooo-konkord-keitering-inn-7813607242-ogrn-1187847048509-671b38d5c4d7666de0531b9aa8c0caeb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/02\/16\/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/konkord-menedzhment.delovoe.tv\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/spbguru.ru\/companies\/337--konkord-menedzhment-i-konsalting<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Office of Foreign Assets Control, The Specially designated nationals and blocked persons list, since January 1, 2017: https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/ofac\/downloads\/sdnnew17.pdf<\/a> p. 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/wanted\/counterintelligence\/yevgeniy-viktorovich-prigozhin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-aircraft-belonging-to-putin-s-chef-flies-frequently-to-syria-and-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/littlesis.org\/org\/333560-Evro_Polis_Ltd<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.31<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4326734-EvroPolisContract.html<\/a> p.39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/former-berkut-officer-suspected-of-euromaidan-shootings-may-have-died-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/the-usa-seeks-evidence-of-russia-s-special-forces-in-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-russian-military-experts-left-venezuela<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/russian-media-reveals-sources-of-the-reports-about-russian-mercenaries-in-venezuela<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/putin-prepares-for-military-campaign-in-libya<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2021\/12\/12_a_14308021.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2019\/10\/31\/za-chto-gibnut-vagnerovcy-v-mozambike<\/a> ; https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/news\/2019\/11\/19\/157036-the-moscow-times-afrikanskie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-teryayut-kontrakty-iz-za-chvk-vagnera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/media-uncovers-ties-between-wagner-pmc-and-putin-s-chef<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/ru\/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80- %D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5\/2366350#<\/a> ; https:\/\/news.mail.ru\/politics\/48089464\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20220422-france-says-mercenaries-from-russia-s-wagner-group-staged-french-atrocity-in-mali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/2022\/01\/28\/14473555.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2020\/07\/29\/86446-iz-zhizni-otdyhayuschih<\/a> ; https:\/\/meduza.io\/feature\/2020\/07\/29\/v-belorussii-zayavili-o-zaderzhanii-33-rossiyan-iz-chvk-vagner-v-nekotoryh-iz-nih-zahar-prilepin-uznal-boytsov-svoego-batalona-v-dnr<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belta.by\/incident\/view\/pod-minskom-zaderzhany-32-boevika-inostrannoj-chastnoj-voennoj-kompanii-dopolneno-400500-2020\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.genproc.gov.ru\/smi\/news\/mc_news\/news-1886440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/04\/13\/erik-prince-russia-mercenary-wagner-libya-mozambique\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2020\/08\/14\/pmc-structure-exposed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/30412\/with-wagner-group-russia-won-t-make-a-bad-war-worse<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/uk-and-europe\/2021\/11\/17\/inside-wagnergate-ukraines-brazen-sting-operation-to-snare-russian-mercenaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/media-61425159<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/stj-sy.org\/en\/ukraine-wagner-group-begins-relocating-syrian-fighters-from-libya-to-russia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/lospiegone.com\/2021\/08\/26\/ricorda-2011-a-dieci-anni-dalla-primavera-araba-in-siria\/#:~:text=Tutto%20ebbe%20inizio%20a%20febbraio,istituzionale%20monopartitica%20del%20Ba'ath<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/president\/news\/60797<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/uawire.org\/kremlin-says-no-russian-forces-hit-by-american-strike-in-syrian-deir-ez-zor-users-of-social-networks-prove-otherwise-with-their-posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43125506<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/sbu-publishes-names-of-8-more-wagner-mercenaries-killed-by-us-in-syria<\/a> ; https:\/\/twitter.com\/666_mancer\/status\/962618608013594624<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43114312<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/details-of-wagner-pmc-mercenary-employment-contracts-uncovered<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-46291929<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/thebell.io\/the-washington-post-prigozhin-soglasoval-s-kremlem-ataku-na-bazu-ssha-v-sirii<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/putin-ally-said-to-be-in-touch-with-kremlin-assad-before-his-mercenaries-attacked-us-troops\/2018\/02\/22\/f4ef050c-1781-11e8-8b08-027a6ccb38eb_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_no-name%3Apage%2Fbreaking-news-bar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-43167697<\/a> ; https:\/\/thebell.io\/kompaniya-evgeniya-prigozhina-zaklyuchila-neftyanuyu-sdelku-s-siriej<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3548170<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/twitter.com\/sashakots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/starer.ru\/russkie-chastnye-voennye-kompanii-v-sirii-otkroveniya-boica-chvk-vagnera-spravka\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE\/a-42596738<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/politics\/23\/11\/2017\/5a16b2779a79479f26366fb4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mk.ru\/politics\/2017\/12\/12\/zhurnalist-pokazal-budni-rossiyskoy-chvk-v-sudane.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/us-russia-has-175-wagner-mercenaries-in-central-african-republic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/lavrov-asks-central-african-republic-to-speed-up-investigation-into-russian-journalists-deaths<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/uawire.org\/new-russian-private-military-company-may-be-behind-killing-of-russian-journalists-in-central-africa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/politics\/news\/2022\/02\/01\/17223679.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uawire.org\/russian-private-military-company-mercenaries-ask-hague-to-investigate-company-owners<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/valenteshop.ru\/na-grudi-zolotye-zvezdy-za-palmiru-v-den-geroev-otechestva\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le groupe Wagner : les fant\u00f4mes de la mort l\u00e2ch\u00e9s par le Kremlin","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-groupe-wagner-les-fantomes-de-la-mort-laches-par-le-kremlin","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6174,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-21 22:20:33","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent condamn\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge dans 13 affaires relevant de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Il s'agit d'affaires concernant le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants, et ce n'est pas tout : il y a au moins 20 autres affaires en instance devant la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme. Le dernier jugement a estim\u00e9 que la Norv\u00e8ge avait viol\u00e9 le droit \u00e0 la vie familiale en vertu de l'article 8 de la Convention europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 1982 et 1998, Gro Hillestad Thune, avocate norv\u00e9gienne sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les droits de l'homme, a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentante aupr\u00e8s de la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme \u00e0 Strasbourg. Dans une interview, elle d\u00e9clare que depuis 20 ans, elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te l'existence de violations des droits de l'homme dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, appel\u00e9 \"barnevernet\". Gro Hillestad Thune compare cette situation \u00e0 une guerre entre les enfants et l'appareil d'aide, qui, au lieu de faciliter la vie des enfants, renforce les conflits qui les entourent. Je cite un extrait de son interview : \"C'est un mythe que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse s'occuper des enfants, l'\u00c9tat est une mauvaise m\u00e8re\". Il a ajout\u00e9 : \"Les pratiques de protection de l'enfance violent les droits de l'homme, et notamment les droits des enfants\". Mais les avertissements de Gro Hillestad sont ignor\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout cela se produit parce que la loi ne prot\u00e8ge pas les enfants, car elle ne s'applique qu'aux parents biologiques et non aux autorit\u00e9s. Si les parents se trompent, ce sont les enfants qui paient. Si les autorit\u00e9s font une erreur, ce sont toujours les enfants qui paient. La Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger les droits des enfants. Pourtant, nous continuons \u00e0 lire presque quotidiennement des articles sur les abus sexuels, les viols et les violences, les menaces, les violations et la privation de leurs droits - tandis que les auteurs de ces crimes, d\u00e9fendus par leur statut d'employ\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat, s'en sortent sans condamnation et sans cons\u00e9quences administratives pour avoir failli \u00e0 leur r\u00f4le de supervision. Pourtant, ce sont eux qui sont responsables de ces enfants, car la loi leur a confi\u00e9 des enfants qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9s de force \u00e0 leur famille. Si les accueillants familiaux ne d\u00e9fendent pas leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9, qui le fera ? Il est \u00e9vident qu'en Norv\u00e8ge, lorsqu'un enfant meurt ou est maltrait\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, ce n'est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une affaire aussi grave, ce qui explique pourquoi tant d'affaires tr\u00e8s graves sont port\u00e9es devant la Cour de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque la directrice de l'Institut norv\u00e9gien des droits de l'homme (NIM), Adele Matheson, d\u00e9clare publiquement que \"la Norv\u00e8ge est le plus mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe en mati\u00e8re de protection de l'enfance\", il doit y avoir de graves lacunes et insuffisances. Le M\u00e9diateur des enfants, le Forandringsfabriken, l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne et l'Office national d'audit ont tous tir\u00e9 la sonnette d'alarme sur les graves lacunes de la mise en \u0153uvre de la loi sur la protection de l'enfance. Cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement mise \u00e0 jour depuis 120 ans, mais elle n'apporte aucune am\u00e9lioration : au contraire, elle aggrave la situation. M\u00eame la gouverneure du comt\u00e9 de Vestland, Helga Arianson, qui a formul\u00e9 l'automne dernier de vives critiques \u00e0 l'encontre des institutions de garde d'enfants, qu'elle a supervis\u00e9es pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, parle ouvertement de l'\u00e9chec d'un certain nombre de lois norv\u00e9giennes qui punissent en particulier les femmes et les enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, la loi sur la garde d'enfants stipule clairement que les services de garde d'enfants doivent fonctionner \"dans le respect de l'enfant et de ses parents et, dans la mesure du possible, en coop\u00e9ration avec eux\". Dans la pratique, les autorit\u00e9s se contentent de s\u00e9parer et de briser les familles, obligeant d'autres familles \u00e0 adopter leurs enfants. Peu de personnes se rebellent, car elles craignent des repr\u00e9sailles plus graves, surtout si elles sont des familles \u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ou des travailleurs \u00e9trangers[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cas de Shatha Al-Barghouti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shatha Al-Barghouti, \u00e0 droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa m\u00e8re[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La famille Al-Barghouti est arriv\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en fuyant la Palestine, dans l'espoir d'offrir un avenir s\u00fbr \u00e0 ses enfants, mais les choses ont tourn\u00e9 autrement. La mort myst\u00e9rieuse de la petite Shatha Al-Barghouti a incit\u00e9 l'Observatoire euro-m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en des droits de l'homme \u00e0 demander une enqu\u00eate imm\u00e9diate du gouvernement norv\u00e9gien sur la mort soudaine de la fillette palestinienne. Shatha, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9e de force de ses parents et de ses deux jeunes fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs et plac\u00e9e de force dans un \u00e9tablissement public, avait finalement, apr\u00e8s sept ans, presque atteint l'\u00e2ge de la majorit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9cider elle-m\u00eame o\u00f9 elle voulait vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir demand\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner chez ses parents, Shatha et sa famille ont planifi\u00e9 le jour o\u00f9 elle pourrait rentrer chez elle, mais son bonheur a \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e : deux semaines avant de compara\u00eetre devant le tribunal pour obtenir l'autorisation de rentrer chez elle, la jeune fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e morte dans son lit - selon l'enqu\u00eate de police, elle s'\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9e. La famille ne comprenait pas pourquoi, et avait signal\u00e9 \u00e0 la police que le corps de leur fille \u00e9tait couvert d'ecchymoses. Shatha avait 17 ans lorsqu'elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e, le 21 ao\u00fbt 2019. Les derniers mots de Shatha \u00e0 ses parents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 : \"Quand je rentrerai chez moi pour retrouver ma famille, j'aurai 17 ans. Ensuite, je terminerai mes \u00e9tudes et me sp\u00e9cialiserai en droit pour devenir avocat et ramener \u00e0 la maison les deux autres fr\u00e8res qui sont toujours en prison\". Est-ce que ce sont vraiment les mots d'un suicid\u00e9 [3]<\/sup><\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enfant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e \u00e0 sa m\u00e8re, accus\u00e9e de ne pas pouvoir s'occuper d'elle. L'enqu\u00eate des journalistes norv\u00e9giens a montr\u00e9 que la petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e pendant trois ans dans une institution publique, sans intimit\u00e9, dormant sur un matelas pneumatique de fortune, avec trois tuteurs r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 plein temps. Tout ce qui restait dans la chambre de Shetha \u00e9tait le matelas pneumatique sur le sol et quelques photos avec sa m\u00e8re. Les journaux appelaient ce placard \"la pi\u00e8ce sans meubles\". On peut se demander pourquoi l'\u00c9tat avait l'argent pour payer les trois employ\u00e9s mais pas pour meubler une chambre pour l'enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question suivante : l'enfant a-t-elle vraiment \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9e par sa m\u00e8re au point de devoir lui \u00eatre retir\u00e9e ? La m\u00e8re de Shatha affirme qu'il n'y a jamais eu de probl\u00e8mes, mais que la petite fille a eu du mal au jardin d'enfants et \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole : si seulement elle avait eu un peu de soutien, elle aurait pu lui donner beaucoup plus. La petite fille a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9e dans un immeuble o\u00f9 il n'y avait rien \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, pas de magasin de proximit\u00e9, pas de station-service, pas d'infrastructure de quartier. Elle n'avait pas la possibilit\u00e9 d'avoir des contacts avec d'autres enfants de son \u00e2ge. Le Bureau des enfants (Bufetat) consid\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais que ces conditions violent les droits fondamentaux de la jeune fille et sont ind\u00e9fendables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les documents de la proc\u00e9dure de Strasbourg, l'\u00e9tat de la fillette s'est aggrav\u00e9, on lui a diagnostiqu\u00e9 un autisme. Je peux imaginer que m\u00eame un adulte ne pourrait supporter d'\u00eatre maintenu dans ces conditions, alors je ne peux m\u00eame pas imaginer comment cette petite fille a pass\u00e9 trois ans dans cet \u00e9tat. Si l'enfant avait v\u00e9cu avec ses parents dans une situation similaire, les m\u00e9dias auraient fait du bruit, les parents auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis et probablement condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la prison. Mais si ce sont les autorit\u00e9s qui n\u00e9gligent l'enfant et qu'il n'y a pas de condamnation pour cela, cela signifie que la loi ne d\u00e9fend pas les enfants contre l'\u00c9tat[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Histoires de viols, d'incendies criminels et de d\u00e9sespoir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Londres, mars 2018 : marche des Norv\u00e9giens contre la loi sur la garde des enfants en Angleterre car elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 interdite en Norv\u00e8ge[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les autorit\u00e9s norv\u00e9giennes continuent de d\u00e9penser des dizaines de millions de dollars par an en services de protection de l'enfance, souvent vers\u00e9s \u00e0 des personnes d\u00e9j\u00e0 accus\u00e9es d'abus sexuels. Qu'un jeune homme de 24 ans seulement travaille comme enseignant suppl\u00e9ant dans une institution et soit autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 devenir le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir, qui avait alors 15 ans, rel\u00e8ve de la folie. Ce fut le d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re de cet homme, qui a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre entreprise, d\u00e9veloppant et vendant des services dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de garde d'enfants (barnevernet). Il a ensuite vendu des services pour des dizaines de millions de dollars, mais l'histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : la m\u00eame agence de protection de l'enfance l'a poursuivi pour avoir abus\u00e9 sexuellement d'Amir. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, Amir a finalement racont\u00e9 les abus sexuels commis par cet homme, qui ont dur\u00e9 plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pire, c'est que lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi il n'avait jamais dit \u00e0 personne qu'il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 abus\u00e9, Amir a expliqu\u00e9 que personne ne le croirait. Si le choix \u00e9tait entre \u00eatre abus\u00e9 une ou deux fois par semaine, ou \u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une institution, alors le viol \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. Amir n'a jamais obtenu justice, car le proc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9 trois fois, la derni\u00e8re fois parce que deux autres personnes se sont manifest\u00e9es, qui allaient subir le m\u00eame sort qu'Amir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s trois ans d'attente, trois mois avant le proc\u00e8s, Amir est retrouv\u00e9 mort dans son appartement. Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Amir, l'affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9e, bien que la r\u00e9action v\u00e9h\u00e9mente de la presse ait convaincu le bureau du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de rouvrir le dossier. Le p\u00e8re adoptif d'Amir a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d'avoir offert \u00e0 Amir et \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re jumeau une importante somme d'argent pour les persuader de changer leur histoire : le p\u00e8re adoptif a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9 et la police a men\u00e9 une enqu\u00eate superficielle, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le journal norv\u00e9gien VG pr\u00e9sente de nouvelles informations prouvant qu'Amir avait dit la v\u00e9rit\u00e9[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi les enfants qui mettent le feu \u00e0 leur foyer d'accueil parce qu'ils sont d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s et ne voient pas d'autre issue. Un exemple : Emilie dit qu'elle avait le sentiment d'\u00eatre trait\u00e9e injustement, qu'elle n'avait pas d'issue et qu'elle \u00e9tait d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e ; elle a donc mis le feu \u00e0 son foyer d'accueil. Emilie a \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e 8 fois dans 8 institutions diff\u00e9rentes. En 2021, 51 foyers pour enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9s par des enfants, soit une augmentation par rapport \u00e0 l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, o\u00f9 29 incendies avaient eu lieu. Mais a-t-on vraiment fait quelque chose pour r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me ? Oui, ils renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 incendie et envisagent d'ajouter des gardes de nuit, mais ils ne s'attaquent pas \u00e0 la racine du probl\u00e8me, seulement \u00e0 ses effets. Personne ne se demande pourquoi ces enfants ne veulent pas \u00eatre dans ces lieux et ont recours \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des criminels pour le reste de leur vie, condamn\u00e9s pour incendie criminel, alors que tout ce qu'ils voulaient, c'\u00e9tait \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de ces foyers de protection de l'enfance [7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un autre exemple. La municipalit\u00e9 de Grong, dans le Trondelag, abrite le bureau de protection de l'enfance du comt\u00e9 d'Indre Namdal. Une femme, condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation, consid\u00e8re que ce bureau est coupable de la priver de sa dignit\u00e9 et du droit de d\u00e9cider de son propre corps. La femme, Beate, a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation apr\u00e8s l'accouchement, la protection de l'enfance lui enl\u00e8verait son enfant. Selon Beate, ils lui disaient qu'ils pouvaient entrer dans la salle d'accouchement et prendre le b\u00e9b\u00e9 si elle ne consentait pas \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilisation. C'est maintenant chose faite : Beate a 28 ans et ne pourra plus jamais avoir d'enfants. Bjorn St\u00e5le Aalberg, directeur du bureau, admet que des abus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis dans cette affaire. N\u00e9anmoins, Beate a perdu ses enfants, enlev\u00e9s au barnevernet, et elle se bat pour les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une enfance vol\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a forc\u00e9ment quelque chose de profond\u00e9ment mauvais quand tout le monde (les experts, les avocats, le Child Warrant Officer, les psychologues, les m\u00e9dias et surtout les enfants et les parents) tire la sonnette d'alarme et dit que quelque chose ne va pas dans le syst\u00e8me norv\u00e9gien de protection de l'enfance, et pourtant personne ne change rien ; il doit y avoir une faute grave de l'\u00c9tat norv\u00e9gien, qui ne prend pas de mesures et ne met pas fin \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui ne fonctionne pas. Le dernier audit de l'Inspection norv\u00e9gienne de la sant\u00e9, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2021-2022, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que dans 80 des 90 cas examin\u00e9s, le bureau de protection de l'enfance avait enfreint la loi. Pourtant, des enfants continuent d'\u00eatre bless\u00e9s et traumatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui pourra un jour rendre justice \u00e0 ces enfants qui sont morts et meurent sous la protection de l'enfance en Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 ces enfants dont l'enfance a \u00e9t\u00e9 vol\u00e9e par la protection de l'enfance norv\u00e9gienne, qui pourra leur rendre l'enfance ? Personne, bien s\u00fbr. Aucune somme d'argent ne pourra rembourser les enfants pour ce qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9 par le syst\u00e8me de protection de l'enfance. Ces enfants ne pourront plus jamais faire confiance aux autorit\u00e9s. Une enfance vol\u00e9e ne peut jamais \u00eatre rendue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 20 mai prochain, le film tant attendu avec Rani Mukerji, \"Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway\", bas\u00e9 sur l'histoire vraie d'une m\u00e8re indienne qui a d\u00fb se battre contre l'\u00c9tat pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ses enfants, sortira \u00e0 Bollywood. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res s'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuels affrontements de rue lors de la projection du film. Le minist\u00e8re indique que depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, la Norv\u00e8ge est la cible de campagnes en provenance d'Europe de l'Est, d'Inde et des \u00c9tats-Unis, similaires \u00e0 celles men\u00e9es contre les services sociaux su\u00e9dois, selon lesquelles la Norv\u00e8ge enl\u00e8ve des enfants. Plusieurs familles polonaises dont les enfants avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer et les ont emmen\u00e9s hors du pays, en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Pologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pologne n'a pas renvoy\u00e9 les enfants en Norv\u00e8ge, mais a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne pas violer l'article 8 des droits de l'homme. La justice polonaise a men\u00e9 sa propre enqu\u00eate et les enfants ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'ils voulaient rester avec leurs parents. Il n'y a pas si longtemps, la Pologne a refus\u00e9 de remettre \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat su\u00e9dois un enfant qui avait fui la Su\u00e8de avec son p\u00e8re et avait demand\u00e9 l'asile en Pologne. Cela est all\u00e9 si loin qu'Adrianna Warchol, consul de l'ambassade de Pologne en Norv\u00e8ge, a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9e apr\u00e8s avoir compar\u00e9 les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens aux Jeunesses hitl\u00e9riennes. En 2015, le pr\u00e9sident tch\u00e8que Milos Zeman a \u00e9galement compar\u00e9 les cr\u00e8ches norv\u00e9giennes au programme nazi. M. Zeman a parl\u00e9 de deux gar\u00e7ons que les services de garde norv\u00e9giens ont enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 leur m\u00e8re pour les placer dans des familles norv\u00e9giennes, pr\u00e9cisant que la m\u00e8re n'est m\u00eame pas autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 parler tch\u00e8que avec ses enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9diateur russe pour les enfants, Pavel Astaklov, a \u00e9galement accus\u00e9 la Norv\u00e8ge de \"terrorisme des enfants\" en 2014 en raison de plusieurs cas o\u00f9 des garderies norv\u00e9giennes ont accueilli des enfants d'origine russe. Le minist\u00e8re norv\u00e9gien a d\u00fb organiser plusieurs r\u00e9unions d'information avec les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Norv\u00e8ge et a distribu\u00e9 des brochures d'information en plusieurs langues sur la protection des enfants en Norv\u00e8ge. Ces brochures affirment que les services de garde d'enfants norv\u00e9giens sont d'un tr\u00e8s haut niveau. Mais apr\u00e8s tout ce que nous avons expliqu\u00e9, et apr\u00e8s les arr\u00eats de la Cour europ\u00e9enne de justice selon lesquels la Norv\u00e8ge viole les droits de l'homme, cette affirmation est paradoxale. Et ce que nous avons racont\u00e9 dans ces lignes n'est que la surface de l'iceberg[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bt.no\/btmagasinet\/i\/gWzMoJ\/du-kan-spare-liv-fra-bak-et-skrivebord-bare-spoer-helga-arianson-65<\/a> ;  http:\/\/old.inblick.se\/nyheter\/2020\/01\/02\/staten-ar-en-dalig-mor<\/a> ; https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/7371713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/kronikk\/i\/0G8wz2\/barnevernet-staar-naa-overfor-en-alvorlig-systemsvikt?fbclid=IwAR0o-U6AaP04hgMO2D05_-4-8BGjauh72boF7lLOEQ05GIFw1E2fDjaO6-A<\/a> ; https:\/\/fontene.no\/nyheter\/noen-akuttplasseringer-i-barnevernet-skaper-flere-problemer-enn-de-loser-mener-forsker-6.47.872623.50a5841a10?fbclid=IwAR2hnjeiMzhaRp35gHLPA_LduOLIoFUki0XxKxIZFphdwqTz8Yoh3sE5-eU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Janna.Jihad\/photos\/pcb.2469707323116175\/2469706999782874\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/euromedmonitor-org.translate.goog\/en\/article\/3075\/Norway-Should-Immediately-Investigate-the-Mysterious-Death-of-Palestinian-Shatha-Al-Barghouti?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/english-wafa-ps.translate.goog\/page.aspx?id=e3Jyvwa111393171120ae3Jyvw&_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/medium.com\/@najwakhater240\/shatha-a-victim-of-a-norwegian-refuge-dream-turned-nightmare-who-killed-her-ac6388853a1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabnewsnetwork.ps\/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-follows-with-great-interest-death-of-shatha-barghouti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2019\/luftmadrassen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/vernepleieren-com.translate.goog\/2019\/10\/27\/en-odelagt-luftmadrass-som-symbol-pa-en-sviktende-elferd\/?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a> ; https:\/\/headtopics-com.translate.goog\/no\/gutten-p-luftmadrassen-barnevernet-og-stendi-politianmeldt-av-16-ringens-advokat-9380969?_x_tr_sl=no&_x_tr_tl=sv&_x_tr_hl=sv&_x_tr_pto=sc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/norway\/articles\/how-norways-child-welfare-service-is-creating-world-wide-controversy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vg.no\/spesial\/2021\/fosterfaren\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/i\/v5xB6m\/hoer-podkast-serien-fostersoennen<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/1OWQ9M\/fosterfar-frikjent-for-anklager-om-bestikkelse-sterk-kritikk-mot-politiet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/osloogviken\/rekordhoyt-antall-branner-i-norske-barnevernsboliger-1.15866601<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/xl\/barnevernet-skal-ha-oppfordret-gravide-_beate_-til-a-sterilisere-seg-1.15835166?fbclid=IwAR1gtHHTFYBK7pRVjdOPhk11_Sp_Ca2wIVN0Q0LJZMReiTiYE_NP_6iUtcQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nrk.no\/trondelag\/_beate_-saken_-advokat-mener-barnevernet-ma-granskes-etter-sterilisering-1.15957330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/sverigesradio.se\/artikel\/falska-budskap-om-norska-kidnappningar-bemots?fbclid=iwar01y8ku44b1zengvc6rvsokqqokzlybt2d6dp8nhhfgw4oawi9kzyrastm ; https:\/\/www.thebetterindia.com\/268058\/rani-mukherjee-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-real-story-sagarika-bhattacharya-inspiring\/?fbclid=IwAR1vSgoZd_OspEx44V-aAgbX1DYtoTuTliCzdaFJ9GFA15EfDR9lYu6fES4 ; https:\/\/masalachaimusings.com\/2018\/02\/02\/nightmare-in-norway\/ ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/G4rpQ\/bortfoert-jente-9-blir-ikke-sendt-tilbake-fra-polen ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/utenriks\/i\/0PvwM\/kalte-barnevernet-hitlerjugend-naa-skal-hun-ha-faatt-sparken ; https:\/\/www.vg.no\/nyheter\/innenriks\/i\/o0zkK\/tsjekkias-president-sammenligner-norsk-barnevern-med-nazi-program ; https:\/\/tvpworld.com\/47818413\/swede-seeks-asylum-in-poland-for-him-and-his-son?fbclid=IwAR1bIt_s8bbsysXWLFp8kADsvcLtL0S-6YuQuuVqkktkzDqlkGyD4u0E0cY ; https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/47949476\/final-batalii-ojca-od-odzyskanie-syna-gdanski-sad-nakazal-natychmiastowe-wydanie-chlopca-samowi-s-wieszwiecej?fbclid=IwAR0weNUv3-l4FPX6IsYSZB2acvTHNjio5WlUnA9kb3LZ216Ff3qGghPY2E4 ; https:\/\/stepup4childrensrights.com\/stolen-childhood\/ ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C-PzrwliUk4 ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-svI4Ri_P0A<\/p>\n","post_title":"Violations des droits de l'homme en Norv\u00e8ge","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"violations-des-droits-de-lhomme-en-norvege","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6174","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6154,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-09 15:40:59","post_content":"\n

Paolo Fusi, director of research at the the Democracy Centre For Transparency and CEO of IBI World Ltd criticised Australia for lack of transparency and integrity in their pursuit to obtain 2032 Olympics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fusi said 2032 Brisbane Olympics has been supported by Coats who has bad \u201crecord\u201d and lack of integrity which he himself confess \u201cbuying\u201d the Olympics for Australia before. Therefore Australia should be dropped immediately as a candidate host for the games.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Coates, the vice-president of the International Olympic Committee and outgoing president of the Australian National Olympic Committee, said \u201cto a large extent\u201d that Sydney was awarded the summer Olympic Games in 2000 because it \u201cbought the Games\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In extracts from a recently discovered hour-long interview in 2008, Coates revealed that he offered payments to two African National Olympic Committees who were represented on the IOC panel in exchange for their votes in 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add it here when you expand<\/p>\n","post_title":"Australia should not host 2032 Olympics","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"australia-should-not-host-2032-olympics","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6154","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":6146,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_date_gmt":"2022-05-06 21:57:30","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les rumeurs circulaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l'automne 2021[1]<\/a>, mais ces jours-ci, la nouvelle est devenue officielle : l'AC Milan a chang\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, et est pass\u00e9 entre les mains d'Investcorp, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gestion d'investissements bahre\u00efnie[2]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la longue \u00e9pop\u00e9e Berlusconi[3]<\/a>, apr\u00e8s la parenth\u00e8se chinoise de la faillite de Yonghong Li (qui a pay\u00e9 plus de 700 millions d'euros et les a presque tous perdus)[4]<\/a>, qui s'est termin\u00e9e par le rachat par le fonds am\u00e9ricain Elliott, un nouveau chapitre commence maintenant. Elliott a restaur\u00e9 le Milan AC, mais il n'a jamais voulu le garder : il en a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Chinois, qui n'avaient pas pay\u00e9 les 370 millions d'euros de dette au fonds am\u00e9ricain[5]<\/a>. Et tandis qu'Elliott et Investcorp travaillent \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture du contrat, Li entame une action en justice pour obtenir une compensation d'environ 320 millions d'euros[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de surprise. L'objectif d'Eliott Management, comme celui de n'importe quel fonds sp\u00e9culatif, est d'augmenter la valeur d'un actif pour ensuite le revendre \u00e0 un prix plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 : \"Elliott s'engage pleinement \u00e0 ramener l'AC Milan au sommet du football europ\u00e9en, en s'appuyant sur les principes de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de supervision appropri\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fermement en place. Elliott a financ\u00e9 la relance de l'AC Milan ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec plus de 600 millions d'euros investis dans le club<\/em>\"[7]<\/a>. Une d\u00e9claration qui correspond \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elliott a redress\u00e9 le bilan, am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'\u00e9quipe, est en train de construire un nouveau stade et, en moins de quatre ans, a fait rena\u00eetre de ses cendres un club de grande tradition et l'a ramen\u00e9 au rang de r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du football italien et international[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'heure est venue d'un nouveau changement de propri\u00e9taire[9]<\/sup><\/a>: l'AC Milan sera le premier club de football italien \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9tenu par un joueur du Moyen-Orient. Il n'y a pas de choc culturel : neuf des vingt plus importants clubs italiens sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 aux mains d'\u00e9trangers[10]<\/sup><\/a>, et le fonds bahre\u00efni propose une somme faramineuse: 1,18 milliard de dollars[11]<\/a> pour une participation majoritaire, laissant ainsi Elliott dans l'actionnariat avec les partenaires qui l'ont soutenu dans l'op\u00e9ration jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent: Bank of America, Merril Lynch et JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Avec l'argent obtenu de la vente de Milan[13]<\/a>, Elliott envisage la possibilit\u00e9 de se lancer dans le secteur du tourisme, en achetant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 californienne Mondee[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re Investcorp ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, fondateur et PDG d'Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau propri\u00e9taire de l'AC Milan, Investcorp Holdings BSC de Manama (Bahre\u00efn), a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Nemir A. Kirdar (Irakien, l'un des plus importants investisseurs en capital-investissement du Moyen-Orient, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en juin 2020 \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 83 ans[16]<\/a>) et est dirig\u00e9 depuis 2015 par Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, mar\u00e9chal adjoint retrait\u00e9 de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air d'Oman[18]<\/sup><\/a>. L'entreprise est pr\u00e9sente dans 13 villes, dont New York, Los Angeles, Londres, Singapour, Delhi, P\u00e9kin, Doha, Mumbai et Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e il y a 40 ans pour permettre aux familles les plus riches du Golfe Persique d'investir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Europe, Investcorp a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 beaucoup d'argent pour acqu\u00e9rir des superstars occidentales telles que Tiffany's, Gucci et Saks[20]<\/a>. Mais qui sont ces magnats ? Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de le dire, car Investcorp dissimule ses actionnaires dans un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par une holding situ\u00e9e dans les \u00eeles Ca\u00efmans, \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets de ceux qui exigent la transparence des march\u00e9s financiers[21]<\/a>. Le conseil d'administration comprend des repr\u00e9sentants des familles royales d'Arabie saoudite, des \u00c9mirats, du Kowe\u00eft, d'Oman et du Qatar[22]<\/a>. Une chose est s\u00fbre : en mars 2017, le principal actionnaire d'Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a>, est le groupe Mubadala d'Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2002 et, petit \u00e0 petit, elle est devenue l'une des industries les plus importantes de tout le Golfe Persique[25]<\/a>. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par l'homme fort du gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, qui occupe le poste de ministre de la d\u00e9fense d'Abu Dhabi et de chef d'\u00e9tat-major de l'arm\u00e9e de l'air des \u00c9mirats[27]<\/a>, et contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement EDGE Group et ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company): en bref, il est le propri\u00e9taire de la plus grande industrie militaire arabe et de l'une des plus importantes compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res[28]<\/a>. C'est l'homme qui g\u00e8re les relations diplomatiques confidentielles[29]<\/a>, coordonne la police secr\u00e8te et diverses organisations mercenaires, dirige la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises de cyberguerre, est le plus grand courtier en armes du monde et est l'un des principaux sponsors de Donald Trump et des supr\u00e9macistes am\u00e9ricains d'extr\u00eame droite[30]<\/a>. Et c'est un choc, surtout pour ceux qui, les anciens d'aujourd'hui, se souviennent avoir critiqu\u00e9 Silvio Berlusconi parce qu'il \u00e9tait soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de corruption ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Missile intercontinental construit et vendu par le groupe EDGE[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed a r\u00e9uni sous l'\u00e9gide de Mubadala toutes les industries immobili\u00e8res, militaires, high-tech, chimiques et a\u00e9rospatiales de son pays[32]<\/a>, et pr\u00e9pare le lancement du deuxi\u00e8me satellite des \u00c9mirats arabes unis, qui sera dans l'espace d'ici 2023[33]<\/a>. Afin d'accro\u00eetre son influence politique, Mohammed Bin Zayed, avec le groupe EDGE[34]<\/a>, a investi un milliard d'euros dans le fonds d'investissement public fran\u00e7ais LAC1, qui d\u00e9tient la dette publique de ce pays[35]<\/a>. Dans d'autres pays, comme l'Italie, il tisse des relations politiques en offrant des honoraires \u00e9tonnants aux parlementaires qui se rendent \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et prennent la parole lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales - comme Matteo Renzi[36]<\/a>. Et il leur vend des armes \u00e0 tous, avec succ\u00e8s, comme l'explique son fid\u00e8le collaborateur Faisal Al-Bannai, qui, en deux ans seulement, a port\u00e9 le chiffre d'affaires de l'arm\u00e9e \u00e0 5 milliards de dollars par an et affirme qu'une \"augmentation spectaculaire<\/em>\" du chiffre d'affaires est attendue[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai a ses propres syst\u00e8mes. Elle a achet\u00e9 aux services secrets am\u00e9ricains (NSA) l'un des syst\u00e8mes de piratage les plus avanc\u00e9s au monde, DarkMatter, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour espionner, surveiller, suivre, intercepter des opposants politiques, des dirigeants politiques d'autres nations, des journalistes, des artistes, n'importe qui[38]<\/a>. Les membres de l'\u00e9quipe, presque tous d'anciens agents des services de renseignement am\u00e9ricains, ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9 au bout de quelques mois, effray\u00e9s par ce que le groupe EDGE et Mubadala faisaient avec le logiciel[39]<\/a>: \"Ils ont utilis\u00e9 un outil de pointe appel\u00e9 Karma, qui leur a permis de s'introduire dans les iPhones du monde entier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une faille de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour voler des courriels, des localisations, des messages texte et des photos. Le karma a rendu tout \u00e7a trop facile. Leur cible n'a m\u00eame pas eu besoin de cliquer sur un lien ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger un virus. En 2016 et 2017, il serait utilis\u00e9 encore et encore sur des centaines de cibles dans le monde, y compris les gouvernements du Qatar, du Y\u00e9men, de l'Iran et de la Turquie<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Et le principal client de l'entreprise - pouvez-vous deviner de qui il s'agit ? C'est exact, c'est le gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cela ne suffit pas: malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9cits des premi\u00e8res victimes innocentes de DarkMatter rendus publics[42]<\/a>, Investcorp rach\u00e8te en avril 2020 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Avira Holding - un nom que vous connaissez peut-\u00eatre, car il s'agit de l'un des syst\u00e8mes antivirus les plus populaires vendus parall\u00e8lement aux ordinateurs et aux \"appareils mobiles\" en Europe[43]<\/a> - pour 180 millions de dollars[44]<\/a>. La presse r\u00e9agit avec inqui\u00e9tude[45]<\/a>. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, Avira est vendu \u00e0 NortonLifeLock pour 360 millions de dollars[46]<\/a>. Ce n'est pas le seul achat d'Investcorp dans le monde de la haute technologie: son portefeuille comprend d\u00e9j\u00e0 : a) SmartSpace, la plate-forme de solutions de localisation en temps r\u00e9el et de logiciels d'entreprise d'Ubisense ; b) Softgarden, un fournisseur de logiciels de ressources humaines ; c) Calligo, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de solutions en nuage ; d) Ageras, une place de march\u00e9 en ligne qui met en relation les petites et moyennes industries avec des fournisseurs de services professionnels ; e) Impero, un fournisseur de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 scolaire en ligne ; f) Contentserv, un fournisseur de solutions de gestion des informations sur les produits[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourquoi le sport maintenant, et pourquoi Milan ? Investcorp n'est pas un fonds souverain national et veut concurrencer les cheiks qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres clubs (la famille Al Nahyan, par exemple, poss\u00e8de d\u00e9j\u00e0 Manchester City[48]<\/a>), car le sport g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9, ouvre la porte \u00e0 la politique et contourne les limites des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques et diplomatiques[49]<\/a>. En septembre dernier, dans une interview accord\u00e9e \u00e0 Bloomberg, le pr\u00e9sident Mohammed Alardhi a expliqu\u00e9 que l'objectif du fonds est de g\u00e9rer 100 milliards de dollars d'actifs (il y en a actuellement 41,2 en portefeuille), non seulement dans les domaines immobilier et militaire, mais aussi par des acquisitions dans le secteur sportif[50]<\/a>. Par exemple, il y a un peu moins de deux ans, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 20% du Paris FC, qui se trouve actuellement en deuxi\u00e8me division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis 1996, Investcorp a acquis quelque 925 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en Inde, pour une valeur totale de plus de 21 milliards de dollars[51]<\/a>. Depuis le lancement de ses activit\u00e9s immobili\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes en 2017, Investcorp a investi environ 1,1 milliard d'euros dans 80 propri\u00e9t\u00e9s au Royaume-Uni, en Allemagne, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie et en Belgique[52]<\/a>. Au 30 juin 2021, Investcorp g\u00e9rait 7,5 milliards de dollars d'actifs immobiliers[53]<\/a>. En octobre 2021, Investcorp a achet\u00e9 pour 70 millions d'euros le si\u00e8ge milanais de Kering (18 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s), la multinationale du luxe qui poss\u00e8de Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent et Bottega Veneta[54]<\/a>. \u00c0 Rome, pour 128 millions d'euros, elle a mis la main sur un complexe immobilier (32 200 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s et 174 places de parking) situ\u00e9 Via Paolo di Dono 44 - les bureaux du FIDA, l'agence des Nations unies qui lutte contre la faim dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement[55]<\/a>. La liste des actifs italiens se poursuit : a) Cloudcare (ventes num\u00e9riques)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), une marque de mode masculine de luxe[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (logiciel de billetterie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9rone dans le secteur de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 Milan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bien s\u00fbr, les fans ne se soucient pas de tout cela. O\u00f9 qu'ils soient dans le monde, il suffit \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe de gagner - comme on peut le voir dans d'autres ligues de football, notamment dans la ligue anglaise, o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9sence de propri\u00e9taires \"g\u00eanants\" a transform\u00e9 la Premier League en une ligue d'excellence mondiale. Le championnat italien, sans les magnats \u00e9trangers, serait dans une situation encore plus pr\u00e9caire qu'aujourd'hui - \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous n'avons pas gagn\u00e9 la Ligue des champions depuis plus de dix ans, et que pour trouver une victoire italienne en Europa League, il faut remonter \u00e0 la Coupe de l'UEFA 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire de jouer les moralistes. Mais il faut \u00eatre prudent, car faire entrer dans la maison un locataire qui, par m\u00e9tier, vend des armes et des instruments de contr\u00f4le de la vie priv\u00e9e des individus, et g\u00e8re des escadrons de la mort compos\u00e9s de mercenaires et d'ex-terroristes, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions \u00e0 long terme - comme le montre le fait qu'aujourd'hui l'Allemagne ne peut pas s'opposer \u00e0 la Russie de Poutine, car Gazprom a achet\u00e9 non seulement une \u00e9quipe de football (le Schalke 04), mais aussi des participations industrielles, financi\u00e8res et immobili\u00e8res valant des milliards d'euros. Et \u00e0 sa t\u00eate se trouve un ancien chancelier social-d\u00e9mocrate, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, qui est maintenant devenu une figure tr\u00e8s importante. Plus important que Renzi, l'ami des Al Nahyan, le sera \u00e0 l'avenir, mais dans certaines mati\u00e8res la prudence n'est jamais de trop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Le nouveau Milan des militaristes arabes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"le-nouveau-milan-des-militaristes-arabes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6146","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":12},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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